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88 Cards in this Set
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- Back
alimentary canal
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A digestive tract consisting of a tube running between a mouth and an anus
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ammonite
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A member of a group of shelled cephalopods that were important marine predators for hundreds of millions of years until their extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period (65.5 mya).
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amoebocyte
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An amoeba-like cell that moves by pseudopodia and is found in most animals. Depending on the species, it may digest and distribute food, dispose of wastes, form skeletal fibers, fight infections, and change into other cell types.
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arachnid
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A member of a major arthropod group, the cheliceriforms. Arachnids include spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites.
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arthropod
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A segmented ecdysozoan with a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages. Familiar examples include insects, spiders, millipedes, and crabs.
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book lung
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An organ of gas exchange in spiders, consisting of stacked plates contained in an internal chamber.
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brachiopod
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A marine lophophorate with a shell divided into dorsal and ventral halves. Brachiopods are also called lamp shells.
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chelicerae
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(plural, chelicerae) One of a pair of clawlike feeding appendages characteristic of cheliceriforms.
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cheliceriform
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An arthropod that has chelicerae and a body divided into a cephalothorax and an abdomen. Living cheliceriforms include sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, and spiders.
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choanocyte
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A flagellated feeding cell found in sponges. Also called a collar cell, it has a collar-like ring that traps food particles around the base of its flagellum.
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cnidocyte
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A specialized cell unique to the phylum Cnidaria
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complete metamorphosis
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The transformation of a larva into an adult that looks very different, and often functions very differently in its environment, than the larva.
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copepod
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Any of a group of small crustaceans that are important members of marine and freshwater plankton communities.
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coral reef
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Typically a warm-water, tropical ecosystem dominated by the hard skeletal structures secreted primarily by the resident cnidarians. Some reefs also exist in cold, deep waters.
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crustacean
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A member of a subphylum of mostly aquatic arthropods that includes lobsters, crayfishes, crabs, shrimps, and barnacles.
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cuticle
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(1) A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation that prevents desiccation in terrestrial plants. (2) The exoskeleton of an arthropod, consisting of layers of protein and chitin that are variously modified for different functions. (3) A tough coat that covers the body of a nematode.
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decapod
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A member of the group of crustaceans that includes lobsters, crayfishes, crabs, and shrimps.
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ecdysozoans
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Member of a group of animal phyla identified as a clade by molecular evidence. Many ecdysozoans are molting animals.
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echinoderm
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A slow-moving or sessile marine deuterostome with a water vascular system and, in larvae, bilateral symmetry. Echinoderms include sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, feather stars, and sea cucumbers.
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ectoproct
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A sessile, colonial lophophorate commonly called a bryozoan.
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eurypterid
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An extinct carnivorous cheliceriform also called a water scorpion.
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exoskeleton
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A hard encasement on the surface of an animal, such as the shell of a mollusc or the cuticle of an arthropod, that provides protection and points of attachment for muscles.
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foot
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(1) The portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells. (2) One of the three main parts of a mollusc
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gastrovascular cavity
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A central cavity with a single opening in the body of certain animals that functions in both the digestion and distribution of nutrients.
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hemolymph
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In invertebrates with an open circulatory system, the body fluid that bathes tissues.
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hermaphrodite
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An individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs.
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hexapod
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An insect or closely related wingless, six-legged arthropod.
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incomplete metamorphosis
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A type of development in certain insects, such as grasshoppers, in which the young (called nymphs) resemble adults but are smaller and have different body proportions. The nymph goes through a series of molts, each time looking more like an adult, until it reaches full size.
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invertebrate
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An animal without a backbone. Invertebrates make up 95% of animal species.
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isopod
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A member of one of the largest groups of crustaceans, which includes terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species. Among the terrestrial isopods are the pill bugs, or wood lice.
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mandible
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One of a pair of jaw-like feeding appendages found in myriapods, hexapods, and crustaceans.
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mantle
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One of the three main parts of a mollusc
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mantle cavity
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A water-filled chamber that houses the gills, anus, and excretory pores of a mollusc.
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medusa
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The floating, flattened, mouth-down version of the cnidarian body plan. The alternate form is the polyp.
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mesohyl
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A gelatinous region between the two layers of cells of a sponge.
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molting
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A process in ecdysozoans in which the exoskeleton is shed at intervals, allowing growth by the production of a larger exoskeleton.
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myriapod
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A terrestrial arthropod with many body segments and one or two pairs of legs per segment. Millipedes and centipedes comprise the two classes of living myriapods.
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nematocyst
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In a cnidocyte of a cnidarian, a specialized capsule-like organelle containing a coiled thread that when discharged can penetrate the body wall of the prey.
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osculum
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A large opening in a sponge that connects the spongocoel to the environment.
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parthenogenesis
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Asexual reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs.
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planarian
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A free-living flatworm found in unpolluted ponds and streams.
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protonephridium
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(singular, ) An excretory system, such as the flame bulb system of flatworms, consisting of a network of tubules lacking internal openings.
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radula
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A straplike rasping organ used by many molluscs during feeding.
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spongocoel
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The central cavity of a sponge.
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suspension feeder
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An aquatic animal, such as a sponge, clam, or baleen whale, that feeds by sifting small food particles from the water.
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torsion
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In gastropods, a developmental process in which the visceral mass rotates up to 180°, causing the animal’s anus and mantle cavity to be positioned above its head.
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trochophore larva
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Distinctive larval stage observed in some lophotrochozoan animals, including some annelids and molluscs.
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tube foot
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One of numerous extensions of an echinoderm’s water vascular system. Tube feet function in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange.
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visceral mass
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One of the three main parts of a mollusc
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water vascular system
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A network of hydraulic canals unique to echinoderms that branches into extensions called tube feet, which function in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange.
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arthro
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jointed
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pod
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foot (Arthropoda: segmented coelomates with exoskeletons and jointed appendages)
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arachn
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spider (Arachnida: the arthropod group that includes scorpions, spiders, ticks, and mites)
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brachio
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the arm (brachiopod: also called lamp shells, these animals superficially resemble clams and other bivalve molluscs, but the two halves of the brachiopod shell are dorsal and ventral to the animal rather than lateral, as in clams)
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zoa
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animal (bryozoan: colonial animals (phylum Ectoprocta) that superficially resemble mosses)
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bryo
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moss
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choano
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a funnel
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cheli
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a claw (chelicerae: clawlike feeding appendages characteristic of the cheliceriform group)
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cyte
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cell (choanocyte: flagellated collar cells of a sponge)
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cnido
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a nettle (cnidocytes: unique cells that function in defense and prey capture in cnidarians)
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coel
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hollow (spongocoel: the central cavity of a sponge)
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cope
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an oar (copepods: a group of small crustaceans that are important members of marine and freshwater plankton communities)
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cuti
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the skin (cuticle: the exoskeleton of an arthropod)
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deca
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ten (decapod: a large group of crustaceans that includes lobsters, crayfish, crabs, and shrimp)
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diplo
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double (Diplopoda: the millipede class)
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echino
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spiny
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derm
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skin (echinoderm: sessile or slow-moving animals with a thin skin that covers an exoskeleton
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eury
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broad, wide
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pter
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a wing, a feather, a fin (eurypterid: mainly marine and freshwater, extinct cheliceriforms
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exo
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outside (exoskeleton: a hard encasement on the surface of an animal)
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gastro
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stomach
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vascula
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a little vessel (gastrovascular cavity: the central digestive compartment, usually with a single opening that functions as both mouth and anus)
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hermaphrod
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with both male and female organs (hermaphrodite: an individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs)
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in
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without (invertebrates: animals without a backbone)
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iso
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equal (isopods: one of the largest groups of crustaceans, primarily marine, but including pill bugs common under logs and moist vegetation next to the ground)
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lopho
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a crest, tuft
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phora
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to carry (lophophore: a crown of ciliated tentacles that function in feeding and surround the mouth)
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meso
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the middle
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meta
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change
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cyst
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a bag (nematocysts: the stinging capsules in cnidocytes, unique cells that function in defense and capture of prey)
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nephri
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the kidney (metanephridium: in annelids, a type of excretory tubule with internal openings called nephrostomes that collect body fluids)
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oscul
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a little mouth (osculum: a large opening in a sponge that connects the spongocoel to the environment)
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partheno
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without fertilization
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genesis
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producing (parthenogenesis: a type of reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs)
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plan
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flat or wandering (planarians: flatworms that prey on smaller animals or feed on dead animals)
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tri
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three
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lobi
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a lobe (trilobite: an extinct group of arthropods with pronounced segmentation)
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trocho
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a wheel (trochophore: distinctive larval stage observed in certain invertebrates, including some annelids and molluscs)
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