Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are four types of microscopes? |
1. compound light microscope 2. electron microscopes 3. scanning electron microscope 4. transmission electron microscope |
|
|
Compound Light Microscope |
-uses a light source and a series of lenses to magnify -can only magnify to 1000x |
|
|
Electron Microscope |
-uses electrons instead of light -gives a much better image -magnify up to 100,000 |
|
|
Scanning Electron Microscope |
-scans the surface of a subject coated with a thin layer of metal |
|
|
Transmission Electron Microscope |
-used to look internally -subject cut into very thin slices and coated with heavy metal |
|
|
Using a t-chart compare and contrast Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic |
Prokaryotic-- 1. no "true" nucleus 2. no membrane bound organelles 3. found only in bacterial kingdom 4. tiny (1-10) 5. less DNA 6. DNA single stranded and circular 7. usually have cell wall and is more complex chemically Eukaryotic-- 1. has "true" nucleus 2. has membrane bound organelles 3. found in all other kingdoms (plant, animal, protist, fungi) 4. larger (10-100) 5. more DNA 6. DNA in double helix 7. if cell wall is present, it is chemically more simple |
|
|
What are the functions of endoplasmic reticulum? |
a. transport b. enzyme attachment c. ribosome attachment |
|
|
What are the functions of the golgi apparatus? |
makes, packages, processes, and prepares chemicals for transport |
|
|
What are the functions of the nucleus? The nucleolus? |
nucleus--> "control center" of the cell nucleolus--> ribosome production |
|
|
Why is it so important that we have lysosomes? |
break down old organelles, attacks invaders, and digest food particles |
|
|
Explain the differences between cilia and flagella. Give an example of cells that have each. |
cilia-->short, hair-like structures that cover the surface of the cell. ex: paramecium flagella-->long, whip-like structures ex: euglena and sperm |
|
|
List the 2 factors that affect cell divison |
1. anchorage dependent 2. density dependent |
|
|
Anchorage Dependent |
-cells need something to attach to to divide |
|
|
Density Dependent |
-cells need adequate amount of growth factor to grow and divide -when cells are too dense, there isn't enough of theses growth factors |
|
|
What is a growth factor? |
Protein secreted by cells that cause other body cells to divide |
|
|
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors? |
benign--> not cancerous malignant--> cancerous |
|
|
When cancer spreads to other parts of the body it is called ______________. |
metastasis |
|
|
What are the four types of cancer? And what are possible treatments? |
1. carcinoma 2. sarcoma 3. leukemia 4. lymphoma Treatments: chemotherapy and radiation |
|
|
Carcinoma |
originate in internal or external coverings of the body (skin or lining of intestines) |
|
|
Sarcoma |
originate in tissues that supports the body (bone and muscle) |
|
|
Leukemia |
cancer of the blood or bone marrow |
|
|
Lymphoma |
cancer of the spleen, lymph-nodes, or lymphocytes |
|
|
Draw and label the cell cycle |
be sure to draw g1-growth and normal metabolic roles s-DNA synthesis g2-growth and preparation for mitosis m-Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase/Cytokinesis Interphase=90% of cells life First growth phase synthesis phase second growth phase mitotic phase |
|
|
List the 3 functions of mitosis |
1. growth 2. cell replacement/repair 3. reproduction |
|
|
Using a t-chart compare and contrast spermatogenesis and oogenesis |
Spermatogenesis: -production of egg cells -each meiotic division produces 4 spermatids (immature sperm cells) that will mature into sperm cells Oogenesis: -production of eggs -each meiotic division produces 1 viable egg and 3 non-viable egg cells (called polar bodies) Both: -created by meiosis -makes 4 haploid cells |
|
|
Why is there such diversity in human population? |
1. crossing over 2. mutations 3. law of independent assortment 4. by each parent 5. random fertilization |
|
|
What process do prokaryotic cells use to reproduce? List steps involved. |
Binary fission: 1) DNA is replicated and a small piece attaches to 2 places on the cell membrane 2) cell elongates 3) cell continues to elongates and then divides |
|
|
Using a t-chart explain the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction. |
asexual: 1. production of offspring from one parent (no egg and sperm) 2. new organisms created by binary fission or mitosis 3. offspring are genetically identical to parent 4. does not allow for adaptation and survival during non-ideal times sexual: 1. production of offspring from union of egg and sperm 2. cells must undergo meiosis 3. offspring are genetically different from parent 4. enables species to adapt rapidly to new conditions and survive |
|
|
1st to look at living organism |
Galileo |
|
|
Named the cell while looking at cork |
Hooke |
|
|
Father of microbiology |
van Leeuwenhoek |
|
|
stated that parts of organisms are made of cells |
Dutrochet |
|
|
discovered and named nucleus |
Brown |
|
|
Discovered cytoplasm |
Dujardin |
|
|
all plants are made of cells |
Schleiden |
|
|
all animals are made of cells |
Schwann |
|
|
all cells come from other living cells |
virchow |
|
|
List the 3 types of plastids and the function(s) of each. What type of organisms are these found in? |
1.chloroplast-site of photosynthesis 2.chromoplast-attract pollinators, trap light for PS 3. leukoplasts-store starch and lipids Found in plants |
|
|
Explain why muscle cells and sperm cells contain a lot of mitochondria. |
mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration, which makes ATP-muscle cells and sperm cells require a lot of energy to function |
|
|
What are the components that make up the cytoskeleton? What is the function of the cytoskeleton? |
microtubules and microfilaments function: support and shape |
|
|
Explain how you could tell the difference between plant cell cytokinesis and animal cell cytokinesis if you were looking at the cells under a microscope |
Plant cell cytokinesis forms a cell plate, which is a little piece of cell wall that are secreted by vesicles. These little pieces line up between the 2 new cells and eventually fuse together forming a new cell wall. Animal cell cytokinesis would show a pinching in between the cells, which is called a cleavage furrow. |
|
|
Compare and contrast mitosis and meisos |
MITOSIS: 1. starts with 1 cell, ends with 2 2. starts with a diploid cell, ends with a diploid cell 3. results in cells that are identical to parent cell 4. has 4 steps (only goes through 1 time) 5. no crossing over can occur 6. used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction Both: 1. processes that divide the nuclear material 2. resulting cells contain non-duplicated chromosomes MEIOSIS: 1. starts with 1 cell, ends with 4 2. starts with a diploid cell, ends with a haploid cell 3.results in cells that are not identical to parent cell 4. has 8 steps (goes through 2 times) 5. crossing over can occur 6. used for sexual reproduction |
