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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Organizational Design
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The arrangements, both formal and informal, that an organization calls upon in order to shape employee behavior.
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Start of Effective Change Implementation
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Effective change implementation starts with informal rather than formal design changes.
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Organizational Redesign
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The process of changing an organizations informal design in response to shifting dynamics in the organizations environment.
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Most Effective way to Change Organizational Design
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The most effective way to change organizational design is to be systemic and strategic rather than piecemeal and haphazard.
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Key for Implementing Change
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When implementing change, seek early "wins" through pilot projects.
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Change Pilots
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Small units or specific processes that can be targeted at the early stage of change implementation to experiment and learn.
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Selecting Change Pilots
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In selecting change pilots, select units where the change is most likely to be successful.
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When to use High Differentiation
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Use high differentiation to enable different functions, departments, and units in an organization to develop their own responses to their own particular goals and develop competitive environments.
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Differentiation
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The degree to which different functions, departments, and units in an organization are allowed to develop their own approaches in response to their particular goals and unique competitive environments.
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Integration
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The required level of coordination across differentiated factions, units, and divisions.
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Integration in Practice
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Use integration to enable the organization to achieve efficient operations among different functions, departments, and units.
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Levels of Differentiation
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Levels of differentiation need to be matched by appropriate levels of integration.
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Control
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Design choices called upon to shape employee behavior in alignment with the requirements of outstanding performance.
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Organic Controls
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An approach to shaping employee behavior that emphasizes shared values, a common understanding of strategy, loosely defined roles and responsibilities, and overall organizational performance.
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Traditional Controls
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Traditional controls can create predictability in standardization but can undermine creativity, flexibility, and collaboration.
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Organic Controls in Practice
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Organic controls, which are intended to increase employee flexibility and creativity, rely on shared values and clarity about overall strategy and performance expectations.
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Decision Making Rights
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The determination of who should make what decisions in organizations.
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Frontline Employees and Decisions
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Allowing frontline employees to make autonomous decisions is intended to unleash motivation and creativity among those organizational members with the best information to make decisions.
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Challenge for Multinational Organizations
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The challenge for multinational organizations is to allocate a high level of autonomy to national units as way of achieving marketplace responsiveness while simultaneously making corporate level decisions that allow the exploitation of synergies across the divisions.
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Challenge for Multinational Organizations
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The challenge for multinational organizations is to allocate a high level of autonomy to national units as way of achieving marketplace responsiveness while simultaneously making corporate level decisions that allow the exploitation of synergies across the divisions.
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Synergies
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The advantages of efficiency and effectiveness conferred by the combined effect of interaction and collaboration among multiple units.
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Employee Commitment
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The internalized desire of employees to expend energy and discretionary effort on behalf of the goals of the organization.
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Employee Commitment
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The internalized desire of employees to expend energy and discretionary effort on behalf of the goals of the organization.
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High Employee Commitment
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High employee commitment can improve organizational performance by enhancing productivity, creativity, collaboration, and the willingness to change.
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Job Design
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The amount of task identity, variety, significance, autonomy, and feedback built into performance of a job.
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Job Enrichment Characteristics
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By enriching jobs along any or all 5 characteristics - skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, feedback - organizations can increase the motivation and commitment of employees performing those tasks.
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Collaboration
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The process of willing cooperation among individuals and groups with a common goal.
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Collaboration
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The process of willing cooperation among individuals and groups with a common goal.
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Team
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An independent group of individuals with shared responsibility for an outcome.
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Collaboration in Practice
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Collaboration will require effective teamwork across units and functions of an organization.
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Collaboration in Practice
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Collaboration will require effective teamwork across units and functions of an organization.
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Cross-Functional Teams
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Teams made up of representatives from multiple organization function typically intended to achieve required coordination along a chain of interrelated activities and processes.
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Cross-Functional Team in Practice
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Use cross-functional teams to help create seamless, well integrated processes.
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Cross-Functional Team in Practice
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Use cross-functional teams to help create seamless, well integrated processes.
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Organizations and Teamwork
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Don't just place employees on teams and expect the performance benefits of teamwork; organizations need to create the context required for teamwork.
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Organizations and Teamwork
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Don't just place employees on teams and expect the performance benefits of teamwork; organizations need to create the context required for teamwork.
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Enhancing Teamwork
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When members of a team feel equally responsible for the outcome of their efforts, teamwork is enhanced.
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Teamwork in combination with Early Stages of Change
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At least in the early stages of change, organizations need to make sure teams are buffered from traditional hierarchical power and are allowed to work across functions.
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Encourage Teamwork in Practice
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In order to encourage teamwork, organizations can take care to ensure that team members have the appropriate skills to perform the task effectively.
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Encourage Teamwork in Practice
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In order to encourage teamwork, organizations can take care to ensure that team members have the appropriate skills to perform the task effectively.
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