Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
absorption
|
Passage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream.
|
|
amino acids
|
Building blocks of protein and produced when proteins are digested.
|
|
amylase
|
Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch.
|
|
anus
|
Opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body.
|
|
appendix
|
Blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the RLQ). It literally means "hanging" (pend/o) "on" (ap-).
|
|
bile
|
Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules. Bile was originally called gall probably because it has a bitter taste. It is composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts.
|
|
bilirubin
|
Pigment released by the liver in bile.
|
|
bowel
|
Intestine.
|
|
Canine teeth
|
Pointed, dog-like (canine) teeth, next to (distal to) the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth.
|
|
Cecum
|
First part of the large intestine.
|
|
colon
|
Large intestine (cecum, ascending, transverse, and descending colon, and rectum)
|
|
common bile duct
|
Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.
|
|
Defecation
|
Expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus.
|
|
deglutition
|
Swallowing.
|
|
dentin
|
Major tissue composing teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.
|
|
digestion
|
Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.
|
|
duodenum
|
First part of the small intestine. Duo=2, den=10; the duodenum measures 12 inches long.
|
|
elimination
|
Removal of waste material from the body.
|
|
emulsification
|
Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules thus increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.
|
|
enamel
|
Hard, outermost layer of a tooth.
|
|
enzyme
|
A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes help in the breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods.
|
|
esophagus
|
Tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso-means inward; phag/o means swallowing.
|
|
fatty acids
|
Substances produced when fats are digested.
|
|
feces
|
Solid wastes; stools.
|
|
gallbladder
|
Small sac under the liver; stores bile.
|
|
glucose
|
Simple sugar.
|
|
glycogen
|
Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells.
|
|
enzyme
|
A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes help in the breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods.
|
|
hydrochloric acid
|
substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food.
|
|
enzyme
|
A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes help in the breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods.
|
|
esophagus
|
Tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso-means inward; phag/o means swallowing.
|
|
esophagus
|
Tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso-means inward; phag/o means swallowing.
|
|
fatty acids
|
Substances produced when fats are digested.
|
|
fatty acids
|
Substances produced when fats are digested.
|
|
ileum
|
Thrid part of the small intestine; fron the Greek eilos, meaning "twisted".
|
|
feces
|
Solid wastes; stools.
|
|
feces
|
Solid wastes; stools.
|
|
gallbladder
|
Small sac under the liver; stores bile.
|
|
gallbladder
|
Small sac under the liver; stores bile.
|
|
glucose
|
Simple sugar.
|
|
glucose
|
Simple sugar.
|
|
glycogen
|
Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells.
|
|
glycogen
|
Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells.
|
|
hydrochloric acid
|
substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food.
|
|
hydrochloric acid
|
substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food.
|
|
ileum
|
Thrid part of the small intestine; fron the Greek eilos, meaning "twisted".
|
|
ileum
|
Thrid part of the small intestine; fron the Greek eilos, meaning "twisted".
|
|
incisor
|
One of four front teeth in the dental arch.
|
|
incisor
|
One of four front teeth in the dental arch.
|
|
incisor
|
One of four front teeth in the dental arch.
|
|
insulin
|
Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver.
|
|
jejunum
|
Secodn part of the small intestine. The Latin jejunus means "empty"; this part of the intestine was always empty when a body was examined after death.
|
|
lipase
|
Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.
|
|
liver
|
A large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile; stores fugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; and destroys worn-out red blood cells. The normal adult liver weighs about 2 1/2 to 3 pounds.
|
|
lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
|
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called cardiac Sphincter.
|
|
mastication
|
Chewing.
|
|
molar teeth
|
Sixth, seventh and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch. Premolar teeth are the 4th and 5th teeth, befor the molars.
|
|
palate
|
Roof of the mouth. The hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate.
|
|
pancreas
|
Organ under the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods).
|
|
papillae (singular: papilla)
|
Small elevations on the tongue. A papilla is a nipple-like elevation.
|
|
parotid glands
|
Salivary gland withing the cheek, just anterior to the ear.
|
|
peristalsis
|
Rhythm-like contractions of the tubes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and other tubular structures. Peristalsis moves the contents through the GI tract at different rates; stomach (0.5 to 2 hours), small intestine (2 to 6 hours), and colon (6 to 72 hours). Peri- means surrounding and -stalsis is constriction.
|
|
pharynx
|
Throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose.
|
|
portal vein
|
Large vein bringing blood to the liver fron the intestines.
|
|
protease
|
Enzymes that digest protein.
|
|
pulp
|
Soft tissure within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.
|
|
pyloric sphincter
|
Ring of muscle fibers at the Distal region of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum. From Greek pyloros, meaning "gatekeeper".
|
|
rectum
|
Last section of the colon.
|
|
rugae
|
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.
|
|
saliva
|
Digestive juice produced by salivary glands.
|
|
salivary glands
|
Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands.
|
|
sigmoid colon
|
Lower part of the colon; shaped like and S.
|
|
sphincter
|
Ring of muscle fibers that constricts a passage of closes a natural opening.
|
|
stomach
|
Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. The stomach's parts are the fundus (poirximal section), body (middle section), and antrum (distal section).
|
|
triglycerides
|
Large fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acid and one part glycerol.
|
|
uvula
|
Soft tissue hanging fron the soft palate into the mouth. Latin, uva means "grape".
|
|
villi (singular: villus)
|
Microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
|