Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What percent of hormones are proteins? |
90 |
|
|
2 categories of non steroid hormones and give examples of each. |
1. Peptides/ protein from amino acid - insulin, glucagon, all pituitary and hypothalamus hormones 2. Amine - thyroid hormones, catecholamines (epi and noepi), melatonin |
|
|
Types of steroid hormones |
Aldosterone Cortisol Estrogen Testosterone Progesterone Vitamin D |
|
|
These hormones bind to a receptor on the surface of a cell membrane to activate a second messenger within the cell. |
Non steroid hormones |
|
|
Only 2 non steroid hormones that don't need a second messenger. |
Insulin and growth hormone |
|
|
Steroid hormones use what to cause protein synthesis? |
Direct gene activation |
|
|
2nd messenger for adenylyl cyclase mechanism |
cAMP |
|
|
2nd messenger for Phospholipase C mechanism |
IP3/Ca2+ |
|
|
2nd messenger for tyrosine kinase mechanism |
Insulin and growth hormone |
|
|
Membrane bound proteins that couple hormone receptors to effector enzymes |
G proteins |
|
|
3 subunits of a g protein |
Alpha beta and gamma |
|
|
When GDP is bound to the alpha subunit, the g protein is ____. |
Inactive |
|
|
Four factors that determine hormone levels |
Rate of secretion of hormone from endocrine gland Rate of metabolism or excretion of hormone Quantity of transport protein Changes in plasma volume |
|
|
3 factors that stimulate endocrine gland activity |
Humoral, hormonal, neural |
|
|
Steroid hormones are ___ soluble and most are formed from ____. |
Lipid Cholesterol |
|
|
Non steroid hormones are formed from ____. |
Proteins and amino acids |
|
|
Which type of hormone alters activity of dna to modify protein synthesis? |
Steroid |
|
|
What type of connection does the anterior pituitary have and what's it's role in hormones? |
Vascular connection Makes its own hormones |
|
|
What connection does the posterior pituitary have and what is its role with hormones? |
Neural Store the hypothalamic hormones |
|
|
2 hormones that are released by hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary. |
Vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin |
|
|
7 hormones released on hypothalamus that activate anterior pituitary |
PRH PIH (DOPAMINE) TRH CRH GHRH GHIH GnRH |
|
|
6 hormones released in anterior pituitary |
Prolactin TSH ACTH GH FSH LH |
|
|
3 types of growth by growth hormone |
Hyperplasia: cell numbers increase Production of extracellular matrix: neurons swell Hypertrophy: cells enlarge |
|
|
Growth hormone has the opposing effect of the actin of what? |
Insulin |
|
|
Thyroid gland produced mostly which thyroid hormone and which one is more active? |
T4 T3 |
|
|
T4 and T3 are transported in the blood bound to carrier proteins called ____. |
Thyroxin binding globulin |
|
|
Primary function of t3 and t4 |
Heat production |
|
|
Adrenal medulla is part of which nervous system? |
Sympathetic |
|
|
The adrenal gland is split into what 2 parts? |
Adrenal medulla and cortex |
|
|
The adrenal medulla contains which hormones? |
Catecholamines |
|
|
The adrenal cortex contains which hormones? |
Aldosterone Cortisol Sex steroid hormones |
|
|
The only neuron or nerve to go directly to the adrenal medulla |
Pre-ganglionic sympathetic neuron |
|
|
2 major functions of aldosterone |
Increase k+ excretion Increase Na+ and water reabsorption |
|
|
4 reasons we lower the use of fat % with increasing exercise |
Elevated H+ concentration (inhibits HSL) High levels of lactic acid Inadequate blood flow to adipose tissue Insufficient albumin to transport FFA in plasma |
