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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meaning or Aromatic
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Aromatic refers to a ring that is unusually stable
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Pi Electrons of an Aromatic Compouns
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Aromatic compounds have 4n+2 pi electrons
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Non aromatic compounds
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Non aromatic compounds are referred to as ALIPHATIC compounds
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Huckel's Rule
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This rule states that for aromatic compound, the number of pi electrons is 4n+2. This means that if you have a compound, count the number of double bonds, lone pairs, and atoms with Sp2 or less hybridization and multiply that number by 2. That will give you the number of pi electrons. Then set than number to the equation. Only aromatic compounds will give you a value for n that is a whole number
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Anti aromatic
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Compounds that fit all the criterion for aromatic compounds except for Huckel's rule
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What symbol so you use to represent an aromatic compound?
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-Ar
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Structure of Benzoic Acid
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Benzoic_acid.svg
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Structure of Toluene
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Toluol.svg
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Structure of Phenol
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Fenol.png
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Structure of Aniline
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Aniline.svg
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Structure of Anisole
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Anisol.svg
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Structure of Benzyl Chloride
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Benzyl_chloride_structure.png
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1,2 / 1,3 / 1,4 Substitution on a Benzene
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1,2 = Ortho (-o)
1,3 = Meta (-m) 1,4 = Para (-p) |
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Why is pyrrole non basic while pyridine is?
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Something will be basic if it can give away its electrons. pyrrol cannot give away its lone pair electrons since they are what render pyrrol an aromatic compound. Pyridine is not aromatic and giving away its lone pair electrons will not be energetically unfavorable
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Physical properties of aromatic compounds
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Aromatic compounds are relatively unreactive given their high stability. Any reaction would be unfavorable.
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How is it that benzene will undergo reactions in which groups are added to the rings?
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Because these reactions are substitution reactions in which the aromatic stability is still maintained. A pure addition reaction would disrupt benze's stability but substitution reactions will not.
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Benzene + FeBr3/Heat
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If you take a benzene ring and add Br2 with FeBr3/Heat as the catalyst, the benzene will undergo a halogenation reaction in which a halogen will be added to the benzene ring
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Benzene + SO3/H2SO4
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Benzene with a SO4 will add a an SO4 group to the ring
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Benzene + H2SO4/HNO3
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In this reaction, a nitro group (NO2) will add to the benzene ring.
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Freidel Craft Reaction
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In this reaction, AlCl3 will take a compound and add it to the benzene ring.
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Activators
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These are groups already present on the benzene ring that will donate electrons. These group will direction the addition of a new to the ORTHO and PARA positions
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Deactivators
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These are groups that are already present on the benzene ring that will withdraw electrons. These group will direct addition to the META position only.
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H2, Rh/C
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This reagent will reduce the benzene ring, removing all the double bonds and making a cycloalkane
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What group are electron withdrawing and what group are electrons donating?
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Groups that are electronegative will withdraw electrons while other group like alkanes are not electron withdrawing.
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