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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
an earlier court decision that guides judges' decisions in later cases.
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precedent
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money or property an accused person gives a court to hold as a guarantee that he or she will appear for trial.
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bail
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lower federal courts that have original jurisdiction in most cases involving federal laws. 94 total. Original Jurisdiction.
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district court
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a court whose jurisdiction is to review decisions of lower courts or agencies. who decides??
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Circuit court/ appellate court
Judges/justices decide |
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members of a trial jury who judge evidence & determine the verdict in a court case.
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Jurors
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hears appeals from taxpayers who disagree with rulkings of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) concerning their payment of federal taxes.
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US Tax Court
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hears cases involving taxes on imports; located in New York City.
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Court of International Trade
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federal courts that review decisions appealed from district courts
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courts of appeals
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federal courts that administer justice to people living in US territories.
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territorial courts
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the right of a convicted person to ask a higher court to review his/her case
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appeal
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law based on the Constitution & Supreme Court decisions.
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Constitutional Law
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customary law that develops from judges' decisions and is followed in situations not covered by statutory law.
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Common Law
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laws made by gov't agencies
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Administrative Law
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laws passed by lawmaking bodies.
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Statutory Law
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established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review by which the court decides whether laws passed by Congress are Constitutional.
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Marbury vs. Madison
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the power of the US Supreme Court to determine if a law passed by Congress or a presidential action is in accord with the Constitution
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judicial review
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Chief Justice who established 3 basic principles of US law. Promoted idea of judicial review in Marbury vs. Madison for the 1st time in 1803.
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John Marshall
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A case in 1896 about segregation which challenged a Louisiana law that required African Americans to ride seperate railroad cars from whites. Decision: "Seperate bu equal"
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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Another segregation case in 1954 whose decision was segregation in schools are not equal and it denied the students equal protection under law so all public schools in US should be desegrated.
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Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
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Supreme Court declared that the police must inform arrested suspects of their rights before questioning them.
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Miranda vs. Arizona
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the authority of some courts to review decisions made by lower courts.
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appellate jurisdiction
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the authority of a court to be the first court to hold trials in certain kinds of cases.
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original jurisdiction
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the authority to interpret and administer the law; also the range of that authority.
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jurisdiction
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official court orders that require a person to appear in court.
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subpoena
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a group that hears evidence in a criminaal case and decides whether there is enough evidence to bring the accused person to trial.
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grand jury
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one that renders a verdict in a civil or criminal trial level court case. It is to be distinguished from a "grand jury", which hands down indictments prior to criminal trials. It consists of 12 persons and sometimes, in civil cases only, just 6.
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petit jury
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A civil or criminal trial in which a jury decides any disputed issues of fact. The number of jurors is usually 12 in a criminal trial; the number varies from state to state in a civil trial.
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Jury trial
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gave the SUpreme Court the power to oder the Secretary of State to give someone a promised appointment. Act was unconstitutional.
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The Judiciary Act of 1789
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a state of lawlessness and disorder usually resulting from a failure of gov't
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anarchy
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List the 4 Constitutional right to a fair trial:
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1. Right to have a lawyer
2. Right to be released on bail 3. Indictment by Grand Jury 4. Right to a jury trial |
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List the 3 types of cases that would give the Supreme Court Original Jurisdiction:
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1. cases involving other countries
2. cases involving disputes between states 3. cases involving a state and federal gov't |
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How can Supreme Court Justices be removed?
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by the impeachment process
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represent the federal gov't in a court of law and attempt to prove that a person or company committed a crime. they serve for a period of 4 years.there are 93 of them now.
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US attorney AKA federal prosecutor
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a trial of a person in the armed services accused of breaking a military law.
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court-martial
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an official of the district court who delivers subpoenas and keeps order in the court room/
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Marshal
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Officials who hear cases against accused persons and decide whether those cases should be brought before a grand jury.
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Magistrate judges
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