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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Synarthroses
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immovable joints
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Ampiarthroses
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Slightly movable joints
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Diarthroses
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freely movable joints
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Fibrous joints
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joined by fibrous connective tissue; are immovable (sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses)
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Sutures
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Fibrous joint; Rigid, interlocking joints containing short connective tissue fibers
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Synostoses
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In middle age, sutures ossify and fuse together
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Syndesmoses
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Bones connected by ligaments, movement varies from immovable to slightly moveable
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Gomphosis
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Peg - In - Socket joints of teeth in alveolar sockets
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Periodontal ligament
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short fibrous connection holding teeth in
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Cartilaginous joint
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Bones united by cartilage, no joint cavity and no movement
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Synchondroses
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A bar or plate of hylaine cartilage unites the bones, all are synarthrotic
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Symphyses
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a joint where fibrocartilage unites the bone
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Synovial joint
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All are diarthrotic; Include all limb joints, most joints of the body
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Articular cartilage
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In synovial joints; Glassy-smooth hyaline cartilage covers opposing bone surfaces ; spongy cushions that absorb compression
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Joint cavity
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In synovial joints, a potential space containing a small amount of synovial fluid
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Articular capsule
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Outer fibrous capsule of connective tissue in the synovial joint; external capsule encloses the rest of the joint
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Fibrous capsule (layer)
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Strengthens joint so that bones are not pulled apart; Outer layer of articular capsule
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Synovial membrane
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Inner layer of articular capsule; creates synovial fluid to reduce friction
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Synovial fluid
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Slippery, weight-bearing film that reduces friction between joints
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Ligaments
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Band of regular fibrous tissue that connects bone
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Capsular (Intrinsic) ligaments
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Reinforcing Ligament which are thickened parts of the fibrous layer
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Extracapsular ligaments
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Reinforcing Ligament that is outside the fibrous capsule
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Intracapsular ligaments
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Reinforcing ligament that is Deep to the fibrous capsule, covered by synovial membrane
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Fatty pads
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For cushioning between fibrous layer and synovial membrane or bone
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Articular discs (menisci)
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Fibrocartilage separates articular surface to improve "fit" of bone ends, stabilize joint, and reduce wear and tear
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Bursae
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Flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial fluid; rolls in-between joints and lessens friction
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Tendon sheath
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Elongated Bursa that wraps completely around a tendon
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Origin
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Muscle attachment to the immovable bone
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Insertion
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Muscle attachment to the movable bone
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Nonaxial movement
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Range of motion that include slipping movements only
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Unaxial movement
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Range of motion movement in one plane
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Biaxial movement
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Range of motion movement in two planes
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Multiaxial movement
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Range of motion movements in or around all three planes
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Gliding movements
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One flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface; moving hand in waving motion
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Angular movements
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Movements that occur along any plane
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Flexion
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decreases the angle of the joint; nodding head forward, lifting foot back (from straight to angled position) or arm forward, lean body forward
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Extension
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Increases the angle of the joint; moving head back up to look straight head, bringing foot back down to straighter position, standing up straight
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Hyperextension
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Excessive extension beyond normal range of motion; bend head back to look up, lean back, can hyper extend places like knees when broken
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Abduction
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Movement away from the midline; move arms out
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Adduction
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Movement toward the midline; bring arms in to sides
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Circumduction
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making "cone movement" where distal end of limb moves in a circle, while the point of cone (hip or shoulder joint) is more stationary
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Rotation
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The turning of a bone around its own long axis; rotate head side to side, or rotate limbs back and forth (palm up, palm down)
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Supination
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Turning hand backward; radius and ulna are parallel so palm faces up
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Pronation
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Turning hand forward; radius rotates over ulna so palm faces down
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Dorsiflexion
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Upward movement of foot; flex foot
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Plantar flexion
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Downward movement of foot; point toes
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Inversion
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Turning the sole of the foot medially
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Eversion
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Turning the sole of the foot laterally
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Protraction
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Moving a body part anteriorly, i.e extending the jaw out
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Retraction
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Moving a body part posteriorly, i.e bringing the jaw in
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Elevation
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Lifting a body part superiorly; mouth is closed
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Depression
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Moving a body part inferiorly; mouth is open
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Opposition
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Movement in the saddle joint so that the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers
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Plane joints
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Nonaxial joints, flat articular surface; bones glide over each other (wrist bones)
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Hinge joints
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Uniaxial joints. Motion along a single plane. Flexion and Extension Only. (humerus and ulna)
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Pivot joints
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Uniaxial joints. Rounded end of one bone conforms to a "sleeve," or ring of another bone; ulna and radius (radius fits in "sleeve" to rotate)
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Condyloid joints
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Biaxial joint. Both articular surfaces are oval. Permit all angular movements.
(between phalanges) |
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Saddle joint
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Biaxial joints. Allow greater freedom of movement that condyloid joints. Between metacarpal and carpals
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Ball-and-Socket joint
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Multiaxial joints. The most freely moving synovial joints.; allows all rounded movement
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Femoropatellar joint
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Plane Joint, allows gliding motion during knee flexion
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Tibiofemoral joint
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Allows flexion, extension, and some rotation when knee if partly flexed
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Patellar ligament
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hold patella in place; ligament run from patella to the tibia below
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Help prevent hyperextension of the knee
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Fibular and tibial collateral ligaments
Oblique popliteal ligament Arcuate popliteal ligament |
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Prevent anterior-posterior displacement
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Anterior cruciate ligament
-Attaches to anterior tibia Posterior cruciate ligament -Attaches to posterior tibia |
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Shoulder (Glenohumeral) joint
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Glenoid labrun
Coracohymeral ligament Glenohumeral ligament Roader cuff |
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Elbow joint
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Anular ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament |
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Hip joint
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Acetabular labrum
Iliofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament Ligamentum teres |
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Jaw joint
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Temporomandibular joint
Mandibular fossa Articular tubercle Lateral ligament |
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Sprain
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The ligaments are stretched or torn, partial tears slowly repair themselves, complete ruptures require prompt surgical repair
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Dislocation
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Occur when bones are forced out of alignment, accompanied by sprains, inflammation, and joint immobilization. Caused by serious falls or playing sports
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Bursitis
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An inflammation of a bursa, usually caused by a blow or friction.
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Tendonitis
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Inflammation of tendon sheaths typically caused by overuse
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Arthritis
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Most widespread crippling disease in the U.S. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, and swelling of a joint
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Osteoarthritis
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Common, irreversible, degenerative arthritis; long-term
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Chronic, Inflammatory, autoimmune disease of unknown cause; can cause slipping of joints (example in fingers)
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Pannus
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Inflammed synovial membrane thickens when one has RA, which erodes the cartilage
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Gouty arthritis (Gout)
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Deposition of uric acid crystals in joints and soft tissues, followed by inflammation
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Lyme disease
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Caused by bacteria transmitted by the bites of ticks
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