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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
covalent bond |
bond formed by atoms sharing electrons |
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polarity |
characteristic of having postive and negative poles |
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cohesion |
water molecules sticking together due to hydrogen bonding |
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hydrogen bond |
bond between water molecules caused by attraction of positive hydrogen end of one molecule to the negative oxygen of another |
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surface tension |
water resistance to being penetrated by something trying to break through the surface |
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viscosity |
tendency for fluid to resist flow |
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atom |
smallest particle of an element that can combine with similiar particles of other elements to produce compounds |
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nucleus |
central, positively charged part of an atom; contaning protons and nuetrons |
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protons |
positively charged subatomic particle |
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electrons |
negatively charged particle |
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ion |
an atom that becomes electrically charged by gaining or losing one or more electrons. The loss of electrons produce a positively charged cation, and the gain of electrons produces a negatively charged anion. |
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molecule |
smallest particle of an elemtent of compound that, in free state, retains the characterisitsf of the substance |
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covalent bond |
sharing electrons |
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dipolar |
having two poles |
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cohesion |
attractive force between same substances |
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surface tension |
tendancy of the surface of a liquid to contract owing to intermolecular bond attractino |
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capillarity |
The process by which a fluid (such as water) is drawn up into smaller interstices or tubes as a result of surface tension. |
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electrostatic attraction |
a force caused by electric electrons at rest |
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ionic bonding |
a chemical bond resulting from the electrical attraction that exists between cations and anions |
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hydration |
being surrounded by water molecules |
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pole |
pole |
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co |
with |
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electro |
electricity |
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hydra |
water |
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stasis |
standing |
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tomos |
cut |
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a |
not |
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capillaris |
hair |
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ienai |
to cling together |
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nucleos |
a little nut |
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mkolecula |
a mass |
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protons |
first |
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ity |
having the quality |
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di |
two |
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ation |
action or process |
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valere |
to be strong |
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coheasus |
to cling together |
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neutr |
neutral |
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sea |
smallest part of an ocean, where two continents lie close together |
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latitude |
Geographic measurements lines (measured in degrees north or south) that run parallel to the equator |
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longtitude |
geographic measurement lines (measured in degrees east or west) that run from north pole to south pole |
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conservative constituents |
dissolved inorganic salts in seawater that do not change proportion over time |
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argo float |
a global array of 3,000 free-drifting profiling floats that measures the temperature and salinity of the upper 2000 m of the ocean |
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CTD sensor |
conductivity, temperature, and depth sensor; a |
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dissociation |
seperation of a molecule into atoms |
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brackish water |
water with a salinity of 0.6 to30‰ low salinity |
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brine |
water saturated with dissolved with salts |
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buffer |
substance that lessons the tendancy for a solution to become to basic or acid |
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chemical equilibrium |
the state in which processes add and remove solutes from a solution at the same rate |
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dissolved salts |
the sodium chloride and other dissolved inorganic solids in seawater dissolved salts |
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electrolyte |
conduct an electric current |
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table or rock salt, which is sodium chloride |
halite |
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halocline |
abrupt change in salinity latitude wise |
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hetergeneous mixture |
a mixture that is not uniform, consisting of visibly different substances |
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homogeneous mixture |
a mixture that has a uniform appearance throughout, such as a solution |
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colliod |
a homogeneous mixture such as fog or smoke consisting of very small particles that are larger than atoms and molecules |
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colligative properties |
the properties of a liquid that may be altered by the presence of a solute |
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ion |
charged particle |
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osmosis |
diffusion through a semipermeable membrane such as a cell wall |
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ionic bonds |
electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or group of atoms |
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osmotic pressure |
the pressure differential caused when a substance exists in differing concentrations on two sides of a semipermeable membrane |
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in situ |
location rather than in the laboratory or an artificical condition |
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pH |
a scale that represents the balance between the positive hydrogen ions (H+) and the negative hydroxide ions (OH-) in a liquid, there by measuring the acidity or alkalinity, with 7 being neutral, lower numbers acidic and higher numbers alkaline |
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mixture |
combination of substances not proportional to each other |
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principle of constant proportions |
principle that the proportions of dissolved elements in seawater are constant |
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pynocline |
a thermocline and halocline together creating a boundary between layers of differing water density |
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non ionic |
a solution in which solute particles remain intat and do not separate into ions |
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refractometer |
optimal instrument that determines salinity based on light refraction through a seawater sample |
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salinity |
total quantity or concentration of all dissolved inorganic solids |
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salinometer |
electronic instrument that determines salinity based on the conductivity of seawater |
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semipermeable membrane |
membrane that allow some substances to pass through but not others |
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solute |
part of a solution that is less abundant |
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solution |
molecules of a solute are evenly dispersed amid the molecules of a solvent |
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solvent |
most abundant in a solution; usually a liquid |
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suspension |
heterogeneous mixture with solid particles that tend to settle |
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thermistor |
a semiconductor that has current flow resistance that varies predictably with temperature |
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halo |
salt |
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clinare |
slope |
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therm |
heat/temperature |
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potenz |
power |
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osmos |
thrust |
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ish |
somewhat |
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salinus |
salt |
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thyroid |
the thyroid gland |
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iso |
same |
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hydro |
water |
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gutter |
throat |
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osmos |
to push |
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hyper |
excessive |
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logus |
study of |
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pycno |
study of |
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brak |
salt |
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meter |
measure |
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parts per thousand |
a unit of measurement used in reporting salinity of water equal to the grams of dissolved substances in 1000 grams of seawater. |
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hypersaline |
pertaining to marine water with salinity significantly higher than normal marine salinity. |
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amount of chloride ion and ions of other halogens in ocean water expressed in parts per thousand by weight |
chlorinity |
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acid |
A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution |
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alkaline |
A substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution. Also called basic |
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neutral |
neither excess of hydrogen or dydroxide ion |
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hydrologic cycle |
the cycle of water exchange among the atmosphere, land, and ocean through the processes of evaporation, precipitation, runoff, and subsurface percolation. Also called the water cycle. |
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halocline |
layer which has a high rate of salinity change in vertical dimension |
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thermocline |
layers of water have rapid changes in temperature |
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mixed surface layer |
the surface layer of the ocean water mixed by wave and ice motions to produce relatively isothermal and isohaline conditions. |
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upper water |
includes mixed layer of the permanent thermocline |
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of the same temperature |
isothermal |
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isopycnal |
of the same density |
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Dentrification |
release of free nitrogen into the atmosphere from breakdown of nitrogen compounds |
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biogeochemical cyle |
process of which elements are continuously moving to and from organisms |
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nutrients |
required for life |
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micronutrients |
essential substances that organisms use in very small amount |
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nitrification |
microrganisms convert ammonia into nitrates and nitrites |
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nonconservative constituents |
dissolved substances in seawater that change over time and vary in proportion due to biological and geological activity |
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silica |
common name for silicon dioxide |
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conservative constituents |
a constituent of seawater, the concentration of which is changed only by mixing and diffusion. All the major constituents of seawater salinity are conservative constituents that have very long residence times. |