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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
(1) Describe the differences among carcinomas, sarcomas, mixed-tissue tumors
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Carcinomas are the largest group of cancers; 90% malignancies; solid tumors develop of epithelial tissues that line skin: hepatomas, carcinomas of the glands such as prostate, breast, adrenals.
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(2) List the four most common sites of cancer in men and wome in US
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Lung cancer is the leading cause in both men and woman. Breast cancer then colorectal cancer.
WOMEN: lung, breast, colon/rectum, ovary MEN: lung, prostate, colon/rectum, pancreas p. 1263 / chart |
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(4) State at least six ways a client can assist with cancer prevention.
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(1) stop smoking
(2) diet (3) sun exposure (4) self-exam (5) exercise (6) education |
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(5) Define the following tumor markers: enzymes, cancer antigens, oncofetal proteins, hormones, genes, and miscellaneous markers
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Enzymes: higher than normal enzyme levels can indicate specific tumors.
Cancer: type of protein that is asociated with a few types of cancerous tumors Oncofetal Proteins: normally found in high levels in the fetus but nt normal in adult. Hormones: elevated levels of some hormones are possibly indicative of begign and malignant tumors Genes: some genes are linked to specific types of cancer. Miscellaneous markers: |
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(6) Identify at least five noninvasive diagnostic procedures used to detect cancer.
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Radiologic (x-ray)
Mammogram computed tomography CT Ultrasonography Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI |
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(7) State the four main modalities for cancer treatment
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SURGERY: Laser Surgery, Prophylactic Surgery, Palliative Surgery, Bone Marrow Transplant
CHEMOTHERAPHY BIOTHERAPY RADIATION THERAPY |
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(8) Identify at least four nursing considerations related to each of the following surgical techniques: incisional biopsy, excisional biopsy, cryosurgery, electrocauterization, fulguration, en bloc resection, exenteration, laser surgery, PDT, prophylactic, palliative surgery, BMT
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x
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(9) Stare the five main categories of chemotherapeutic agents.
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alkylating agents, antibiotics, antimetabolites, antimitotics, hormonal agents.
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(10) Compare and contrast the following biotherapy techniques: MOAB, IFN, CSF, IL and retiniods. State at least two nursing considerations related to each technique
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MOAB
IFN CSG IL RETINIODS Nursing Considerations: |
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(11) Differentiate external radiation therapy from brachytherapy, including at least three nursing considerations related to each procedure.
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radiation therapy is used in many types of cancer and may be used primary therapy or with other treatments. Used to diagnosis tumor sites.
Brachytherapy Nursing Considerations: |
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(12) Identify at least four concerns related to the safe administration of chemotherapeutic medications and at least three safety considerations related to exposure to radiation.
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x
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(13) Discuss at least three nursing consideration related to the following common side effects of cancer therpay: nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, fatigue, alopecia, secondary infections, pain, stress, and hormone therapy
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x
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(14) Identify dietary modifications for the client with cancer.
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x
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(15) Identify common medications for the client with cancer.
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Antimetabolites:
Fluorouracil (Adrucil) Antimitotics: Velban, Velsar- Alkylating Agents: Paraplatin DTIC Lfex TESPA |
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(16) Discuss general client and family teaching for clients with cancer, include ages across the lifespan.
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x
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