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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Convex:
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Rounded out
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Concave:
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Hollow, like a bowl. ex: radius and ulna bound by a ligament only.
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Absorbs shock, and pressure, guide the bones across each other, reduce the chance of dislocation and distribute the force across the entire joint instead of just a few points of contact.
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Menisci
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Uniaxial:
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Monoaxial
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Latin articulus=
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Joint
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Two ways to classify joints:
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The amount of movement in a joint and the kind of material making up the joint.
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Synarthroses:
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No movement (ex: sutures).
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Amphiarthroses:
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Slight movement (ex: pubic symphysis)
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Diarthroses:
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Free movement (ex: knee)
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What are the 3 types of joints?
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Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.
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There is no space between the bones in the joint:
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Fibrous joints
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A thin layer of ___ ___ tissue hold the bones together:
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Fibrous connective
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Sutures, syndesmoses and gomphosis:
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Three "sub" types of fibrous joints
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Immovable, occur only in the skull (ex: coronal suture):
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Sutures
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Found between the teeth and the alveolar process of the mandible and maxilla:
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Gomphosis
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Slightly moveable:
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Syndesmoses
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The fibrous part of the joint is the ___ ___:
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Peridontal membrane (ligament)
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Symphyses and Synchondroses:
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The 2 types of cartilaginous joints
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Amphiarthroses:
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Cartilaginous joints
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The occur when the bones are held together by cartilage:
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Symphyses
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Joints held together by alot of hyaline cartilage:
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Synchondroses
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The joint between the ribs and sternum is held together by:
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Costal cartilage
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Free movement and uses ligaments to hold bones firmly together:
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Synovial joints
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Holds the 2 bones together and completely surrounds the joint:
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The joint (articular) capsule
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Is the inner layer and lines the inside of the fibrous layer:
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Synovial membrane
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It is vascular and the synovial fluid is made from its blood:
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Synovial membrane
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Fills the joint cavity, lubricates the joint and nourishes the articular cartilage:
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Synovial fluid
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Covers the ends of the articulating bones and is made of hyaline cartilage with no nerves or blood vessels:
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Articular cartilage
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A small space between the articulating surfaces of 2 bones:
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Joint (synovial) cavity
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Allows bones to move across each other:
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Joint (synovial) cavity
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Menisci=
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Articular disk
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Pads of fibrocartilage found between the ends of 2 bones in some synovial joints:
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Menisci
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Tough fibrous bands that connect the 2 articulating bones:
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Ligaments
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Made of dense, white fibrous connective tissue with lots of collagenous fibers for strength and elastic fibers for flexability:
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Ligaments
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Flexable, doesn't limit range of motion:
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Ligaments
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Hold bones together, strengthens the articular capsule, acts as a sensory organ and guides movement at the joint:
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Functions of ligaments
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Uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial:
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The 3 types of synovail joints
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Synovial joints are classified according to the number of ___ and ___ the bones move in:
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Axis Planes
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Allows movement in 1 axis and 1 plane:
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Uniaxial
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Have articular surfaces with 1 or more convex projections fitting into a concave surface:
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Hinge joints
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They allow flex and extention in 1 plane, the sagittal plane:
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Hinge joints
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Articular surfaces with a small rounded projection that turns within a concave depression:
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Pivot joints
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Allow the movement of rotation around a longitudinal axis:
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Pivot joints
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Allow movement in 2 axes and in 2 planes:
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Biaxial
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What are the 2 types of biaxial joints:
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Saddle and condyloid joints
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Have articular surfaces that are reciprocally concave-convex:
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Saddle joints
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An example of a saddle joint is between the:
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carpal and metacarpal of the thumb
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Have articular surfaces with an oval condyloid projection fitting into an elliptical concave depression:
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Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints
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An example of this joint is the wrist joint between the radius and carpals:
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Condyloid joints
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Allow movement in 3 axes and in 3 planes:
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Multiaxial
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Has articular surfaces with a spherical surface on 1 bone moving in a socket in the other bone:
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Ball and socket joint
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Example of this joint is the shoulder and hip:
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Ball and socket
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Have articular surfaces that are almost flat:
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Gliding joints
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An example of this joint is between the:
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Carpals and tarsals
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1. Angular
2. Circular 3. Gliding 4. Special |
Types of movement at synovial joints
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Change the size of the angle between the 2 articulating bones:
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Angular movements
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Bending a joint so that the angle decreases between the bones:
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Flexion
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Straightening a flexed joint so that the angle increases between the bones:
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Extension
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Moving the bone away from the body's medial plane:
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Abduction
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Moving the bone towards the body's medial plane:
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Adduction
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Turning around a central point or the long axis of the bone:
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Rotation
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Has the bone covering the surface of a cone as it moves:
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Circumduction
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A movement of the forearm that turns the palm forward into the anatomical position:
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Supination
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Movement of the forearm that turns the back of the hand forward:
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Pronation
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Are the simplest movements:
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Gliding movements
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Knee bends, going down:
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Flexion
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Knee bends, coming up:
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Extension
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Moving arm straight out, part of a jumping jack:
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Abduction
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Moving the arm back down to the side, jumping jack:
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Adduction
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Looking from left to right:
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Rotation
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Making a circle with an outstretched arm:
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Circumduction
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Two articular surfaces barely move over each other with no angular or circular movement:
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Gliding movements
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They occur between the carpals and tarsals:
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Gliding movements
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An ankle movement turning the sole of the foot inward:
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Inversion
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An ankle movement turning the sole of the foot outward:
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Eversion
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Moves the part forward, such as sticking the jaw out:
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Protraction
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Pulls the part back, the opposite of protraction:
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Retraction
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Raising the part, such as raising the scapula when shrugging the shoulders:
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Elevation
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Lowering the part:
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Depression
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Aid movement by minimizing friction between 2 moving structures:
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Bursa
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A small connective tissue sac lined with a synovial membrane:
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Bursa
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Filled with a clear, thick synovial fluid that is secreted by the synovial membrane:
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Bursa
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Is responsible for the cushioning effect of the bursa:
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Synovial fluid
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Located between 2 structures which move on each other and in which the friction needs to be decreased:
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Bursa
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Inflamation of a bursa:
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Bursitis
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As the degree of freedom of movement increases, the stability of the joint decreases:
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Rule of stability of a joint
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Limitations of movement are due to:
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1. Shape of the articulating surfaces. 2. Ligaments and capsule at the joint. 3. Muscles that act on the joint
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