Chem 103 - Exam 2

The purpose of coupling two biochemical reactions is to

In a pair of coupled reactions, if the favorable reaction releases more energy than the amount required by the unfavorable reaction, the excess energy is

Endergonic reactions are those that have a _ value of ΔG and _ spontaneous

Which sequence illustrates the order of the steps from food to biochemically useful energy?

All of the following are energy strategies used in biochemical reactions except

ATP is the molecule most often used for energy transport because

Which statement is true concerning the relationship between FAD and FADH2?

In addition to producing ATP, the citric acid cycle produces _ as high energy molecules and _ as its major chemical waste product

In the first step of the citric acid cycle, acetyl-SCoA reacts with _ to produce _ which is isomerized to _ in the second step

The mitochondria are the location where _ takes place and most _ is produced

The common molecule produced from all foods at the second stage of catabolism is

In a pair of couple reactions, if the favorable reaction releases more energy than the amount required by the unfavorable reaction, the excess energy is

In steps 5-8 of the citric acid cycle, the high-energy molecules _, _, and _, are produced and _ is regenerated to begin another turn of the cycle

The ultimate source of energy for all but very few biochemical reactions is

The driving force which provides the energy for synthesis of ATP in the fourth stage of metabolism

The metal that acts as an electron carrier in the cytochromes in the electron transport is

ATP is the molecule most often used for energy transport because

Which statement is true concerning the relationship between FAD and FADH2?

The reaction in which ATP is converted to ADP with release of 7.3 kcal is a(an) _ reaction

The fourth stage of metabolism, in which the high energy molecules from stage three are oxidized to produce ATP is referred to as

The energy released by GTP hydrolysis is (more than, less than or the same) as ATP hydrolysis

In the TCA or citric acid cycle, α-Ketoglutaric acid reacts with co-enzyme A to yield

In the TCA or citric acid cycle, the reactions at steps 3, 4, 6 and 8 are catalyzed by

_ is the common intermediate of all food groups

In the 1st stage of metabolism, the catabolic process is facilitated by _

The pH difference in the mitochondria is a result of the overall process of _

The electron transport chain transfers electrons from _ co-enzymes to oxygen and is coupled to _ production

In addition to flavoproteins and the heme protein _, the respiratory chain of mitochondria includes the small molecules _

Whereas digestion is _, metabolism is _

The citric acid cycle supplies the _ with _, which ultimately generate energy

A glycosidic bond is

The linkage joining the two monosaccharides in the dissacharide shown in the structure is a(n) _ glycosidic linkage

Which is the best description of a carbohydrate?

Lactose when hydrolyzed will form

Cellulose is a polymer consisting of thousands of

Which substance is a monosaccharide?

_ is converted to ketone bodies during starvation, which can provide up to 50% of the ATP needed for homeostasis

The metabolic process which produces glucose from _ sources is called _

In the 1st stage of carbohydrate metabolism the enzyme _ catabolizes _ and _, which are polymeric forms of the carbons that supply the TCA cycle

The blood clotting factor heparin, insect exoskeleton chitin and chondroitin found in the fluids of the eyes and joints are all synthesized from _

Amylopection and glycogen both have _ and _ glycosidic bonds

Which is a hemiacetal?

Lactate formed in muscles can be utilized through

α-glycosidic bond is present in

compounds having the same structural formula but differing in spatial configuration are known as _

In the 1st stage of carbohydrate metabolism the enzyme _ catabolizes _ and _, which is one source of the carbons that supplies the TCA cycle

Sucrose is a disaccharide of _ and _, linked by a(n) _ bond

_ is the most abundant polysaccharide in nature

Two sugars which differ from one another only in configuration around the C1 carbon atom are termed _

The reducing ability of carbohydrates is due to _

The formation of the stable, low energy ring structure in D-glucose requires that _ forms a hemiacetal

Exergonic reaction picture

Endergonic reaction picture

ATP to ADP picture

Citric acid cycle picture

Electron transport chain process picture

Metabolism picture

Disaccharide pictures