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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
more readily form pi bonds
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first element of each group
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making hydrogen
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Strong acid and metal
Methane and water Carbon and Water at 1000 C Electrolysis of water Electrolysis of brine |
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Strong acid and metal
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2M+2HX->2MX+H2
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Methane and water
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CH4+H2O->3H2+CO
CO+H2O->CO2+H2 |
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Carbon and Water at 1000 C
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C+H2O->CO+H2
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Electrolysis of water
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2H2O->2H2+O2
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Electrolysis of brine
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NaCl+H2O->NaOH+Cl2+H2
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Halogens are good reductants or oxidants?
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Oxidants
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Hydrogen Isotopes
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Protium 1/1H
Deuterium 2/1H Tritium 3/1H |
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How noble gases form compounds
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Unfilled d-orbitals
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How do inner halogen compounds react
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oxidizes the anions of the halogens below it on the periodic table
Br2 +2I- -> 2Br - +I2 |
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Are inner halogen compounds reactive?
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yes highly reactive
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How to make halogen hydrides
including exceptions |
salt + H2SO4 -> H-halide + XSO4
exceptions: I, Br use H3PO4 instead |
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How to make oxygen
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Photosynthesis:
CO2+H2O+light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Lab prep KClO3 -> KCl + O2 |
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Naming oxyacids
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HClO hypo- -ous +1
HClO2 -ous +3 HClO3 -ic +5 HClO4 per- -ic +7 |
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Nonmetal reactivity
Metal reactivity |
Nonmetals form covalent oxides
Most metals form ionic oxides |
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Peroxides
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H2O2
-1 Oxidation state |
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Superoxides
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NaO2
-1/2 Oxidation state |
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Ostwald process
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4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) -> 4 NO (g) + 6 H2O (g)
2 NO (g) + O2 -> 2 NO2 (g) 2 NO2 (g) + H2O (l) -> 2 H+ + 2 NO3- (aq) + NO (g) |
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Ammonia with bleach
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NH3 + OCl- -> NH2Cl
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PCl3
PCl5 |
P+Cl2 -> PCl3
PCl3+ Cl2 -> PCl5 |
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CO2 production
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Carbon combustion
C (s) + O2 (g) -> CO2 (g) Baking Solubility in water |
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Baking- CO2 production
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NaHCO3 (s) + H+ (aq) -> Na+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
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Solubility in water- CO2 production
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CO2 (g) + H2O (l) -> H2CO3 (aq)
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Carbonate reactivity
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Dissolving minerals with acids:
CaCO3 (s) + 2 H+ (aq) -> Ca2+ (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) |
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Metallurgy
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the science of extracting metals from their natural sources and preparing them for practical use.
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pyrometallurgy
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add heat
using heat to alter minerals to reduce metals. |
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electrometallurgy
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use of electric and electrolytic processes to purify metals or reduce metallic compounds to metals.
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hydrometallurgy
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Using aqueous reactions to extract metal
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blast furnace
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Iron oxide ores in
Coke (carbon) = fuel Limestone facilitates slag |
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Calcination –
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using heat to release volatiles
PbCO3(s) -> PbO(s) + CO2(g) |
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Roasting –
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using heat and reducing gases
PbO(s) + CO(g) -> Pb(l) + CO2(g) |
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Smelting
equation |
Process of producing molten metal & slag
CaO (i) + SiO2 (l) -> CaSiO3 (l) |
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Slag
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molten silicate materials
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Down's cell
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liquid Na, gaseous Cl2
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Hall Process
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makes molten aluminum
electrometallurgy |
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Electron-Sea Model
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Metals can be thought of as cations suspended in a “sea” of valence electrons.
Attractions hold electrons near cations, but not so tightly as to impede their flow. |
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3 types of magnetism
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diamagnetism
paramagnetism-unpaired d electrons ferromagnetism-iron |
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alloy
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mixtures of two metals
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