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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is matter?
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Anything that has mass and volume and takes up space. Matter can push and create pressure.
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Example of matter
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Rock is matter since you put it in water and water rises
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Example of non-matter
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Heat is not matter since it has no weight. Air is on the periodic table with mass.
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How would you typically measure the amount of a solid?
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Scale or triple beam balance.
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What are you measuring with a solid and with what unit?
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Mass in grams
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How would you typically measure the amount of a liquid?
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Graduated cylinder
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What are you measuring with a liquid and with what unit?
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Volume in mL
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A marble has a volume of 20 ml. It also has a mass of 10G. What is the density?
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D=M/V=10/20=0.5 g/ml
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The density of aluminum is 2.7 g/ml. If the aluminum has a volume of 20 ml, what is the mass?
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D=M/V 2.7=M/20 54=M 54g
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A rock has a density of 8g/ml. If the rock’s mass is 2g, what is the rock’s volume?
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D=M/V 8=2/V 0.25 = V 0.25 ml
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Name the two parts of any solution
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solvent and solute
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Explain the two parts of a solution and give examples
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solvent is the bigger one if both are in same phase. Solvent does dissolving. Water is solvent to salt being solute
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What are two solutes in Coke?
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Carbon dioxide and sugar
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If two substances are in the same state of matter (i.e., solid, liquid, gas) and are dissolved in one another, such as oxygen and nitrogen in the air, which is the solvent and which is the solute?
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Oxygen is the solute and nitrogen is solvent. Nitrogen is 78% so there is less oxygen.
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What is the relative particle size of a suspension, does it settle by gravity, and does it scatter (block) light? Give 2 examples
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Large, yes, yes. Cereal, salad dressing
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What is the relative particle size of a colloid, does it settle by gravity, and does it scatter (block) light? Give 2 examples
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smaller, no, yes. Milk, jello
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What is the relative particle size of a true solution, does it settle by gravity, and does it scatter (block) light? Give 2 examples
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microscopic, no, no. Wine, salt water
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Is ice melting a physical change or a chemical change?
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Physical
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Is paper ripping a physical or a chemical change?
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Physical
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Is paper burning a physical change or a chemical change?
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Chemical
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Is milk spoiling a physical change or a chemical change?
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Chemical
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Is car rusting a physical change or a chemical change?
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Chemical
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I put ice in warm water and it disappears. Is this chemical or physical and why?
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Physical because it is still water and it just goes through a phase change.
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I drop a bottle of perfume and it breaks. I can smell the perfume. Is this chemical or physical and why?
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Physical because perfume already smelled in the bottle. It was only broken.
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I drive my car in the winter and the salt on the road causes rust. Is this chemical or physical and why?
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Chemical because rust is a precipitate and changes color.
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I pour two clear, colorless liquids together and a white solid is produced. Chemical or physical and why?
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Chemical because the white solid is a precipitate and the color changes pouring of liquid is physical change.
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True Solution
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a transparent, homogenous mixture of suspended particles
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Solute
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substance that is dissolved in a solution
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Solvent
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substance that does the dissolving in a solution
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Soluble
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capable of being dissolved
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Alloy
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solid solutions containing two or more metals
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Aqueous solution
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homogeneous mixture of a substance in water
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Electrolyte
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substance when dissolved in water conducts electricity
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Is cold lemonade an element, compound, homogenous mixture or heterogeneous mixture and why?
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Homogeneous if it has no lemon pulp or ice in it.
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Is jello an element, compound, homogenous mixture or heterogeneous mixture and why?
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Homogeneous when it has no fruit in it and is just a box you buy at the store.
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Is dry ice (frozen CO2) an element, compound, homogenous mixture or heterogeneous mixture and why?
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Compound because it is two elements combined – carbon and oxygen
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Is diamond an element, compound, homogenous mixture or heterogeneous mixture and why?
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Element because I is pure carbon unless it has impurities and then it is heterogeneous
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Is chocolate chip cookie an element, compound, homogenous mixture or heterogeneous mixture and why?
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Heterogeneous because it has chocolate chips in the cookie dough
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What is density?
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Mass/volume; space taken up
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What is energy?
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Has no mass or volume and can be stored or transferred from one form or object to another to do work (move something)
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What is Kinetic energy?
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Energy of motion
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Potential energy
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stored energy
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Chemical change
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atoms rearrange for new substance
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Physical change
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same substance, new phase or shape
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Solution examples
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cool aid = sugar in water, air = oxygen in nitrogen, 14K gold = silver in gold, brass = copper in zinc
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Gold
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24K= 100%, 18K = 75% gold, 14K = 58.5% gold, 10K = 41.6% gold
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Homogeneous mixture
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same throughout or uniform in make-up; if you divide it in half by volume, there would be the same amount in both
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Heterogeneous mixture
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different throughout or unequal in makeup; if you divide it in half by volume, there would be different amounts in both
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Pure substance
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made up of only one type of element or compound
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Indicators of Chemical change
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new gas(smell), new color (not mixing – blue+yellow=green), heat and light released or absorbed, precipitate formed
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Matter or not matter – batteries
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matter
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Matter or not matter – oxygen
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matter
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Matter or not matter – dust
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matter
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Matter or not matter – DNA
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matter
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Matter or not matter – clouds
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matter
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Matter or not matter – helium
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matter
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Matter or not matter – atoms
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matter
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Matter or not matter – fire
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matter
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Matter or not matter – bacteria
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matter
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Matter or not matter – car exhaust
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matter
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Matter or not matter – light
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not matter
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Matter or not matter – heat
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not matter
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Matter or not matter – sound
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not matter
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Matter or not matter – electricity
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not matter
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Matter or not matter – wind
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not matter
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What is a property (of matter and non-matter)?
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* an inherent (non-changing, or close),* characteristic (look, feel, interaction/reaction), * related to a person, place or thing (substance), * used to identify or define it
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Three types of mixtures
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suspensions, colloids, true solutions
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What characteristic distinguishes one type of mixture from another?
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Particle size
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Which mixture has the largest particles?
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Suspensions
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Suspensions
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particles can be filtered out with filter paper and they will settle out by gravity; particles will also scatter light shined through the mixture so the beam can be seen
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Suspension example
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muddy water/sand in water
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Colloid
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particles are smaller and can’t be filtered nor do they settle out, but they are still big enough to scatter a beam of light
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Colloid examples
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milk, mayonnaise, gelatin, paint, fog in the air
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True solutions
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have particles so small they can’t be filtered nor do they settle out, nor do they scatter a beam of light
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True solution examples
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air, brass, sugar in water, salt in water
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Arrange three mixtures in order from most heterogeneous to most homogeneous
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suspensions, colloids, solutions
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Arrange three mixtures in order from largest to smallest particles
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suspensions, colloids, solutions
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Arrange three mixtures in order from scattering the most light to not scattering light
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suspensions, colloids, solutions
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Elements
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cannot be broken down or changed to smaller parts. Simplest form of matter
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Compounds
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made up of two or more different elements bonded together – not mixed together
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Mixtures
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a physical blend. Can be separated by physical changes.
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