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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Conversion factor
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a ratio of equivalent measurements used to convert a quantity from one unit to another
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Dimensional Analysis
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a technique of problem solving that uses the units that are part of a measurement to help solve the problem
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Alkali Metal
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any metal in group 1A of the periodic table
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Alkaline earth Metals
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Any metal in groups 2A of the periodic table
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Atom
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the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
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Atomic Mass
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the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element
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atomic mass unit (amu)
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a unit of mass equal to one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
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Atomic Number
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
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Cathode Ray
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a stream of electrons produced at the negative electrode (cathode) of a tube containing a gas at low pressure
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Dalton's Atomic Theory
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the first theory to relate chemical changes to events at the atomic level
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Electron
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a negatively charged subatomic particle
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Group
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a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; the constituent elements of a group have similar chemical and physical properties
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Halogen
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any member of the non-metallic elements in Group 7A of the periodic table
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Inner Transition Metal
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an element on the lanthanide and actinide series; characterized by addition of electrons to f orbits
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Isotope
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atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses sue to a different number of neutrons
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Mass Number
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the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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Metal
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one of a class of elements that includes a large majority of the knows elements, metals are characteristically lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity
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Metalloid
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one of a class of elements having properties intermediate to metals and nonmetals
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Neutron
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a subatomic particle with no charge and a mass of 1 amu; found in the nucleus of the atom
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noble gas
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any member of a group of gaseous element in group 0 of the periodic table; the s and p sublevles of their outermost energy level are filled
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nonmetal
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one of a class of elements that are not lustrous and are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity; non metals are grouped on the right side of the periodic table
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nucleus
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the dense central portion of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons
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Period
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a horizontal row of elements on the periodic table
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periodic law
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when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties
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Periodic table
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an arrangement of elements into rows and columns according to similarities in their properties
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Proton
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a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
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Representative element
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Group A element on the periodic table; together, these elements which have only partially filled outermost s and p sublevels, illustrate the entire range of chemical properties
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Transition metals
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Group B element characterized by addition of electrons to d suborbitals
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anion
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any atoms or group of atoms with a negative charge
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Binary compound
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a compound of two elements; NaCl and Al2O3 are binary compounds
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Cation
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any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge
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chemical formula
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shows the number and type of atoms present in the smallest representative unit of a substance the chemical formula of ammonia, with one nitrogen and 3 hydrogens, is NH3
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Formula Unit
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the lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound; in magnesium chloride the ratio of magnesium ions to chloride ions is 1:2 and the formula unit is Mg Cl2
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Ion
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an atom of group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge; cations are ions with a positive charge, and anions are ions with a negative charge
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ionic compound
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a compound composed of positive and negative ions
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Law of Definite Proportions
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in any sample of a chemical compound, the elements are always combined in the same proportions by mass
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Law of Multiple Proportions
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whenever two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers
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Molecular Compound
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a compound that is composed of molecules
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Molecular Formula
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a chemical formula that shows the actual number and kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a compound
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Molecule
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a neutral chemically bonded group of atoms that act as a unit
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Monatomic Ion
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a single atom with a positive or negative charge as a result of losing or gaining Valence electrons
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Polyatomic Ion
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a tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and carries a charge
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Ternary Compound
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a compound containing atoms of three different elements, usually containing at least one polyatomic ion; Na2CO3 and Mg(OH)2 are ternary ionic compounds
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Avogardo's Number
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the number of representative particles contained in one mole of a substance; equal to 6.02 x 10²³ particles
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empirical Formula
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a formula with the lowest whole number ratio of elements in a compound; the empirical formula of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is OH
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Gram Atomic Mass (gam)
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the mass, in grams of one mole of atoms in a monatomic element; it is numerically equal to the atomic mass amu
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Gram Formula Mass (gfm)
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the mass of one mole of an ionic compound
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Gram Molecular Mass (gmm)
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the mass in grams of one mole of a molecular substance
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Molar Mass
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a general expression used to refer to the mass of a mole of any substance unless a more specific term is needed to avoid confusion
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Molar Volume
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the volume occupies by 1 mole of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP); 22.4 L
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Mole (mol)
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The amount of a substance that contains 6.02 x 10²³ representative particles of that substance
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percent composition
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the percent by mass of each element in a compound
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