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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
chemistry
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study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that occur
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mass
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a measure of the amount of matter
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matter
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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atom
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smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element
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element
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a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom
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compound
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a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances;
made up of atoms from two or more elements that are chemically bonded |
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extensive properties
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properties that depend on the amount of matter that is present;
volume, mass, amount of energy |
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intensive properties
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properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present;
melting point, boiling point, density, etc. |
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physical property
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a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance;
melting point, boiling point |
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physical change
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a change in substance that does not involve a change in identity of the substance;
grinding, cutting, melting, boiling |
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change of state
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a physical change of a substance from one state to another;
solid, liquid, gas |
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solid
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matter with definite volume and definite shape;
particles are packed tightly together |
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liquid
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matter with a definite volume but indefinite shape;
assumes the shape of the container; its particles are close together but can move past eachother |
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gas
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matter that has neither definite volume nor definite shape;
expands to fill any size container; particles far apart and move rapidly |
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plasma
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a high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons
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chemical property
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a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
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chemical change / chemical reaction
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a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
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reactants
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substances that react in a chemical change
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products
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substances that are formed by the chemical change
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mixture
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a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties
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homogeneous / solution
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a mixture that is uniform in composition
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heterogeneous
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mixture that is not uniform throughout
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pure substance
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all samples of this have the same characteristic physical and chemical properties, and exactly the same composition
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groups / families
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vertical columns of the periodic table
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periods
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horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table
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metal
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an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor
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malleability
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can be hammered into thin sheets
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ductile
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can be drawn into a fine wire
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nonmetal
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an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
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metalloid
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an element that has some characteristics of metals and some of nonmetals;
solids at room temperature, less malleable than metals, and semiconductors of electricity |