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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ACID |
A source of H+ ions (149) |
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ACID RAIN |
Sulfur Dioxide that is produced by coal burning and falls into natural waters. (156) |
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AQUEOUS SOLUTION |
Once salts are dissolved in watery solution |
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AUTO-IONIZATION |
When one of the two H-O bonds breaks and both electrons go the the Oxygen. This produces one Hydroxide, OH-, which keeps all 8 electrons, and one Hydrogen with none. (147) |
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BASE |
A source of OH- ions (149) |
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CHEMICALLY NEUTRAL |
pH of 7.00 When the concentration of Hydrogen ions and Hydroxide ions are equal (148) |
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CONCENTRATION GRADIENT |
Movement "up" or "down" between two regions of unequal concentration seperated by a membrane (143) |
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DIPOLE |
Term to describe the the imbalance of a polar molecule. |
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ELECTROLYTE |
Salts and Ions that form them, capable of conducting electricity. |
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EQUILIBRIUM |
When there is no net change between water and salt, solvent and solute. Rate ions disolve in liquid = Rate ions precipitate into solid (136) |
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HARD ION |
2 charges squeezed into small volume. (ex: Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+) (145) |
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HYDRATION |
When a molecule is surrounded by water. |
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INDICATOR |
Bright colored organic molecule that changes color as pH changes. (152) |
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ION EXCHANGER |
Removes hard ions from water by attracting hard ions and swapping for less attracted sodium cations |
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ION-DIPOLE INTERACTION |
Ion[charged] interaction with a non-ion, relatively charged dipole molecule. (134) |
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MILLIMOLAR (mM) |
Concentration unit: number of millimoles of some substance per liter of solution. (1000 mM in one Mole) (139) |
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MOLARITY |
Molar concentration (139) |
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NON-COVALENT INTERACTION |
Collective term for molecular interactions where no electrons are shared. Includes Hydration and Ion-Dipole interactions. (134) |
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OSMOSIS |
Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low ion concentration to a region of high ion concentration (142) |
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PARTIAL CHARGE |
˙The depiction of relative charges of a molecule, ∂- or ∂+. This allows us to predict which end of the molecule will interact with which end of another polar molecule (133) |
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PARTS PER MILLION |
ppm |
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PARTS PER BILLION |
ppb
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pH |
negative logarithm of hydrogen ion molar concentration. pH=-log[H+] (review, 148) |
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pOH |
negative logarithm of hydroxide ion molar concentration. pOH=-log[OH-] (review, 148) |
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POLAR MOLECULE |
When a molecule has one end that is relatively more positive and another end that is relatively more negative (133) |
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POLY-ATOMIC ION |
Ions that contain more than 1 atom (130) |
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PRECIPITATION |
When ions shed their hydrating mulecule and return to crystalline lattice. (136) |
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SATURATED SOLUTION |
A solution in which water has absorbed as many ions as it can. (135) |
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SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE |
Allows only certain molecules to pass through. (142) |
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SOLUBILITY IN WATER |
Process of water molecules "plucking" ions away form salts. (134) |
