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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
T or F: Perception is highly personal. |
True. |
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Everything we experience comes through our ______ ______ at some time. |
Sensory apparatus. |
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The senses are well developed ______. |
Prenatally. |
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Sensory capacities are geared toward the ______ ______. |
Social Environment. |
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T or F: Senses develop, therefore perceptions can change. |
True. |
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Constructivists |
-On the side of nurture. -Argue that perceptions are constructed through learning. -Require stimulation to develop, i.e. input from the environment(vision and hearing). |
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Nativists |
-On the side of nature. -Argue that innate capabilities and maturational programs drive perceptual development and that perception does not require interpretation. |
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Preferential Looking |
Duration of looking at one of a stimulus pair. |
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Habituation |
Learning to be bored. |
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Operant Conditioning |
-Learn to react to one stimulus. -Discriminate second stimulus. |
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Evoked Potentials |
Record brain's response to stimuli. |
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Assessing Infant Perception |
-Behavioral change. -Preferential looking. -Habituation. -Operant conditioning. -Evoked potentials. |
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T or F: Visual development is the first to develop. |
False. It is last. |
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By ______ month pc rods and cones on retina are wired. |
6th. |
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By _____ month pc eyes anatomically complete and functional. (The baby can get startled and blink/turn away from a bright light). |
7th. |
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Myelination of the optic nerve by birth (but thin), complete by ______. |
2.5 months. |
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T or F: Structures do develop at the same rate. |
False. They do not. |
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______. ______, ______ are relatively large. |
Lens, cornea, retina. |
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T or F: Eye of newborn is 1/4 size. |
False. It is 1/2 size. |
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Newborn visual acuity is ______(Legally blind). |
20/600. |
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When will a baby's vision be 20/20? |
By a year old. |
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Color perception discrimination from ______ months pc (cones). |
6 months. |
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At birth, ______ and ______ most pronounced (black/white). |
Reds, greens. |
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Visual Cliff Experiment |
-Gibson and Walk (1960s). -Human babies were put on glass and can see cliff underneath but not aware of glass protecting. -Enough convincing from mother will get them across or keep them back. |
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Three Main Components of Pattern Perception. |
-Contour(angles,curves,slope). -Contrast(light/dark; color). -Movement. |
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1947 Bernard & Sontag |
-Prenatal hearing. -Startle responses to loud sounds. -Can experience prenatal hearing loss. |
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Amniotic fluid in a newborns ears leads to ______ ______ in the first few days. |
Rapid Improvement. |
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Frequency |
-Pitch. -Range 20-20,000 Hz. -Middle C 262 Hz. -Most sensitive 100-4000 Hz. -Human speech 200-2000 Hz. |
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Amplitude |
"loudness/intensity" |
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Decibels are ______(10dB=2X). |
Logarithmic. 50dB is 2x loud as 40dB. |
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Thresholds of audition (minimum levels) |
-Infants 20-30 dB (hear all normal conversation). -Adults 5-10 dB. -Age 55 15-20 dB. -Age 75 30 dB. |
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T or F: Pitch discrimination improves with age. |
True. |
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Less than ______ of people have hearing problems before age 55. |
20%. |
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Taste buds are present and functional before ______ month pc. |
4th. |
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______ ______ is one of the sweetest naturally occurring substances. |
Breast milk. |
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Babies dislike ______ and ______ and prefer ______. |
Sour, bitter, sweet. |
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Measures of Taste |
-Facial expression. -Sucking rate. -Duration. -Swallowing. -Spitting. |