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245 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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As an animal chiropractor it is important to understand how the owner feels about chiropractic care. It will make a big difference in how they follow your recommendations.
true/false |
true |
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Most birds have ___ cervical vertebra.
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14 |
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Why should the animal chiropractor know the normal rate limits for respiration and heart rate?
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An increased heart and respiration rate may be indicative of fear.
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Local pain will have no influence on the rest of the animal's body.
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false |
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Which of the following is not a good idea? A.Ear plugs in a loud dog kennel.B.Placing cats in a bag to work on them.C.Open toed shoes in the horse barn.D.Muzzles on dogs that you don't know.
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c |
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Which of the following is incorrect? A.Male dog - Stud Female dog - BitchB.Male cat - Tom Female Cat - JaneC.Male horse - Stud Female horse - MareD.Male goat - Wether Female goat - Doe
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b female cat - queen |
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Why is it important for a veterinary chiropractor to know about body temperatures? A.It is minutia that is important to remember.B.Low temperatures may make it difficult for an animal to hold its adjustment.C.There is no reason to discuss body temperatures with an owner that is outside of the scope of chiropractic practice.D.Taking rectal temperatures is fun and exciting
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b |
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Which of the following is not a zoonotic disease? rOptionA.RabiesB.RingwormC.TuberculosisD.Lice
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d |
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Which of the following is not matched up correctly? A.Whelping - CanineB.Kidding - BovineC.Queening - FelineD.Foaling - Equine
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b - bovine is calving, goats are kidding |
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Which of the following is not a sign of pain in the equine patient? A.Reluctance to be handled.B.Change in gait or posture.C.Weight loss.D.Dilated pupils, glassy eyes, sweating.E.None of the above as they are all signs of pain.
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e |
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Please select true statements regarding the Fencer's Stance (please select all that apply) A.One foot is forward from the other B.Amount of knee flexion and distance between the knees should be constant to reproduce consistent LOCs C.Adjustment hand always corresponds with the back foot to give best biomechanical advantage. D.Is commonly used in large breed dogs and horses
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a |
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When choosing a stance to adjust a dog, the 2 most important above all considerations are (please select 2 only): A.SafetyB.Position where biomechanical advantage for thrust is bestC.Comfort of the dogD.Comfort of the doctorE.Owner's preference
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a and b |
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in the toggle position it is important to remember (please select all true statements): A.Wrists should be relaxed so the animal will be comfortable.B.Wrists should be dorsiflexed.C.Muscles should be engaged.D.Elbows should be locked out straight to protect the joints.
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b |
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All of the following are examples of correct stabilization, EXCEPT (check all that apply) A.Straight arm or one bent at 90 degrees.B.Adjuster's kneeC.Owner's kneeD.Adjuster's elbow at 45 degreesE.Arm close to bodyF.Owner's body
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d and f |
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correct stances for adjusting horses (please check all that apply)
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fencers stance drop stance straight stance |
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It is always preferred that the owner of the animal is used for handling/stabilizing the patient, as this puts the animal at ease.
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false |
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what are single hand contact points and what are not |
single hand - guarded thumb, web contact, MCP joint of index finger,hooked finger not single hand - protected hypothenar |
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The segmental contact point is best described as (please selct all).A bony protuberance or a bony prominence on the animal.B.Is the part of the doctor's hand used to contact the animal.C.as close to the misalignment as possible, maximizing the specificity of the adjustment.
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a,c |
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To alter the vector in the straight stance adjustment, it is important the doctor change the angle at the elbows to ensure to correct LOC:
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false |
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When adjusting a dog, the appropriate distance from the animal would be best described as (please select all that apply): OptionA.Close, but not too close to respect the animal's personal spaceB.As close as possibleC.As far away as possible
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b and c |
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The dorsal iliac spine is also calledOptionA.Tuber sacraleB.Gluteus mediusC.Ventral tuber ischii
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a |
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what type of joint is a zygopophyseal joint |
synovial joint |
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he boundaries of the intervertebral foramen are defined by the two notches which are
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shallow on the cranial deep on the caudal |
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A fibrous joint is a joint that A.Make up the cranial suturesB.Have rotationC.Move through flexion and extension
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a |
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ransverse processes are found A.Along the dorsal midline of the animalB.On the ventral margins of the fingersC.As a lateral process of the lumbar spine
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c |
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All of the following are true except OptionA.Equine have 5 or 6 lumbar segmentsB.All canine have 7 lumbar segmentsC.Only equine have more than 5 lumbar vertebrae
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c |
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he pelvic bones are the fused combination A.The ischium, the pubis and the ostiumB.The pubis. The ischium and the iliumC.The sacrum, the ischium and the ilium
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b |
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The Dura extends from the cranium to the A.Nerve roots of the cervical spineB.Dural extension as it exits the IVFC.Last lumbar vertebra
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c |
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A joint that contains synovial fluid, has a membrane made of aminoglycans and glycosaminoglycans and is anervic is OptionA.Cartilaginous jointB.Fibrous jointC.Synovial joint
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c |
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A 12 year old Pekapoo comes to you with its owner for its first adjustment. You notice at once that it has considerable kyphosis along with difficulty walking. What might be anatomically contributing to this abnormal posture? A.Length of toe/toe nailsB.A collar that is too tightC.Falling off a bed
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a |
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The peroneal nerve helps when extending the digits. What are the names of the muscles it innervates? A.Common digital extensor, long digital extensor, peroneal m.B.Lateral digital extensor, long digital extensor, and extensor brevis.C.Superficial digital extensor, popliteus, and gracilus.
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b |
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What is the function of the Sartoruius muscle?
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adduct thigh and flex hip |
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t what level of the cord would you look for subluxations if you are seeing symptoms that indicate sciatic nerve dysfunction (inability to extend the hock or the stifle)? When the dog does extend these he gets painful or yelps when you try. Correct Answer Your Answer OptionA. L6, L7, S1, S2B. L3,4,5C. T13/L1D. This is not chiropractic.
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a |
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What muscles are put to use when we stimulate the withdrawl reflex in the hind limb of an animal, like a hoof tester on a horse or a pin in the toe on a dog?
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flexor mm |
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The femoral nerve innervates which two muscles? What do these two muscle do to the hind limb?
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Quadraceps femoris and rectus femoris flex the hip and extend the stifle.
what do other do? B.Biceps femoris and sartorius which extend the hock and abduct the thigh.C.Obturator internus and lateral digital extensor which adduct the thigh and extend the toe. |
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he pudendal nerve supplies the area around the external genitalia.
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true - what parts |
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Number these branches in the order in which they exit the intervertebral foramen from dorsal to ventral
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dorsal ventral visceral |
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Number these branches in the order in which they exit the intervertebral foramen from dorsal to ventral
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The cranial gluteal nerve which also supplies the tensor fascia lata
what about these?B.The caudal femoral nerve which also supplies the biceps femorisC.The sciatic which also supplies the semimembranosus |
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Of all the animal species we are studying, which species has a spine that extends to the sacrum?
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cat what about horse / dog? |
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nerve innervates a group of muscles that extend the hock and flex the digit. What nerve is this that could extend the hock and flex the toe of the foot?
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tibial n what do peronial and sapenous do? |
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These muscles are innervated by the cranial gluteal nerve.
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gluteus profundus fluteus medius tensor fascia lata pirformis gluteus superficialis |
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The semitendosus is
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lateral to the semimebranosis |
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internal obdominal oblique |
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Removing waste products from the system is essential to maintaining a healthy nervous system. Which muscle listed below aids in this function
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external abdominal oblique |
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iceps femoris crosses which joint to cause its action? What is that action?
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stifle flex the knee Which muscles do the following: coxofemoral joint - extend knee hock - extend hock |
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A horse patient arrives for an adjustment. The horse is a draft breed used for carriage rides in the city. The types of stress on this horse’s muscles include
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strength...why not isometric or speed |
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While the glutteals all insert on the greater trochanter of the femu, what three possible origins might there be? Choose all that apply.
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gluteaus superficialis - tuber coxae gluteus profundus - ischiatic spine, body of ilium gluteals - aponeurosis of ongissimus dosi, gluteal surfaces of ilium, sacrotuberous ligament |
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fxns / insertion of semitendinosis m |
extend hock flex stifle extend hip insertion - cranial tibia origin - coccygeal vertebra |
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The sciatic nerve innervates several muscles of the hind limb.
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semitendinosus semimembranosis quadratus femoris gemelli biceps femoris skin on lateral leg what innervates skin of leg what innervates tensor fascia lata |
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which is the longissimus dorsi |
b |
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Which ligament is absent from the lumbar region to the sacrum?
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n equine the supraspinous ligament allows for more movement in the lumbosacral joint
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What ligament connects adjacent vertebrae and is full of pain fibers?
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nswer- ligamentum flavum fx of intervertebral lig fxn of intervestibular lig fx of doral spinous lig |
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Which ligament connects the first thoracic spineous processes to the coccyx.
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the supraspinous lig fxn of nuchal lig fxn of thoracic spinous lig |
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This is the site of spondylosis and spondylitis.
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ventral longitudinal lig |
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Ligamentum nuchea is a very important ligament because
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it allows for head and neck movementB.Has two portions, the lamellar and the funicular portionC.Supports and raises the head and neckD.All of these are correct.
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This ligament is confined to the thoracic region.
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intercapital ligament where are the throacic and annular lig |
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This ligament connects the spinous processes along their length and limits flexion.
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answer - interpsinal lig fx of tubersacrous lig fx of digital spnous lig |
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The following are all a part of what group? Anterior Longitudinal Ligament, Dorsal Spinal Ligament, Interspinal Ligament.
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ten common ligamens list all the 10 common ligments: |
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The Ten Common Ligaments: (choose all that apply)
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answer a,b,c A.Support the spinal columnB.Allow for support with movementC.Connect the vertebral segmentsD.Are located ventral to the spineE.All these questions are correct |
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This ligament creates the dorsal floor of the vertebral body and connects with the intervertebral disc.
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dorsal longitundinal lig fx of ventral longitunal lig fx of posterior ligament dorsalis |
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Cauda Equina syndrome is not caused by which of the following two etiologies?
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not caused by Congenital in large breed dogs and trauma to lumbar vertebra causes include: |
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A patient is presented to you the day after a three day tournament. The complaint is that the animal doesn't seem to be recovering as fast as usual. You notice a lack of hind limb action, worse on one side than the other. The foot on the affected side is slightly swollen and cold to the touch. You should
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adjust and send to rdvm what is problem: |
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Shivers
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results in hyperflexion type motion. what are other common signs |
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All dogs with hip dysplasia will have hip pain.
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false |
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Spina Bifida is a normal abnormality in Manx Cats and English Bulldogs.
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true - why? |
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Lick granulomas
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might be caused by numbness in an area of the limb.
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You are asked to look at a down cow. She gave birth to a very large calf 4 days ago. The calf was born dead. The area of the vagina and rectum look swollen and dark colored. The probable reason for the paralysis is
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answer - damage to obturator n. |
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A potential client sends you radiographs of a dog's hips. It is evident from the only view sent that the dog has hip dysplasia. You should
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explain to the client that there is no way of knowing if chiropractic care will benefit their dog until you have a chance to examine it.
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Why are there no listings for the middle segments of the sacrum in the quadruped?
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The sacrum is fused and moves as a unit. Adjusting the ends will correct the middle.
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Which of the following is not a symptom of a fractured sacrum?
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increased muscle mass in gluteals. What are symptoms of a fractured sacrum? flaccid tail, urinary / fecal incontinence.... |
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What is the most economical way to diagnose a fractured pelvis in a horse?
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palpation |
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puppy sitting in horse may be sign of |
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All pelvic fractures will result in an animal with a permanent limp.
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false |
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Which of the following would not be considered a sacral pelvic chiropractic listing?
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Right Posterior Inferior IliumB.Left Anterior Superior IliumC.Sacral Base PosteriorD.Right Medial Scapula
answer d |
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symptom of SI joint problems in a quadruped?
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Poor performance (especially at slow gaits)
.Intermittent rear limb lameness Pain over SI joint Muscle atrophy of one hindquarter inability to cross rear feet in circle ...... |
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A horse slipped on the ice. There is a noticeable difference in the height of the tuber sacrales when the horse is viewed from the rear. The regular veterinary diagnosis is a sprained SI joint. When you palpate the horse from the right side, it leans into your hands. When you palpate from the left it just stands there. What will you do?
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Adjust the AS and begin light exercise. Recheck in week
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Pubic symphyseal fractures are usually due
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poor footing
other causes = |
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How could you tell if an animal has been dragging their rear legs?
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Look at the footprints of the animal moving
Look at the surface of the front of the hoof or nail. others???? |
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A healthy resting cell membrane maintains a relative charge of approximately
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-65 to -85mv |
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Nerves coated with a myelin sheath conduct impulse _____________ than nerves not coated with myelin
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faster |
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1) Sodium/potassium pumps regulate ion transfer. 2) A chemical gradient 3) An electrical gradient What do these three things have in common?
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Neuron health is dependent upon these three elements for normal function
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In order to efficiently produce protein and maintain an internal, relative negative charge . . .
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waste products must be removed |
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Summation of neuronal firing is defined as
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the number of branches produced when the neuron fires
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The parts of the Central Nervous System include all except the following:
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A.PonsB.Spinal cordC.MedullaD.Thorasic duct
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elements upon which neurons depend for health include
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glucose oxygen frequency of firing of presynaptic pools ........ |
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Inhibition is a mechanism found in both the spinal cord and the brain. It allows for
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fine motor controlB.determining the central integrated state of the neuronC.better decision making skills and learningD.All of these are correct answers
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It is important to continue moving your fingers while palpating animals so that
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your pacinian corpuscles are quickly adapting and will not fire
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Pacinian corpuscles are sensitive to which of the following?
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vibration what is tensitive to touch or heat |
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multimodal system is one in which |
information is poly-synaptically stimulating neurons
types of sytems info from one sytem many neurons taking info from single source |
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Paresis is frequently due to
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ipsilateral peripheral lesions other causes? |
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nhibitory influences of the Golgi Tendon organ respond to
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joint mechanoreceptor stretch
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The internal environment of the cell has a more stable central integrative state when
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the intracellular polarization is more negatively charged than the extracellula
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We affect the animal's brain by
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walking into the roomB.adjusting the neckC.petting the animalD.all of these answers are possible
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GABA causes two types of channels to open, potassium channels for efflux and chloride channels for influx. What does this do to the cell membrane?
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It makes the internal cell more negative, therefore more stable and less likely to fire.
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Pacinian corpusles deform at the initial touch, but after that even though more pressure might be applied no more signal is sent until when?
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when the pressure is released |
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Where would you expect to find the most concentration of Meissner's corpusles in an animal?
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nose of horse ....... |
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types of receptor responses
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tonic slowly adapting ???? |
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When you are palpating animals to find anatomic structures that are important for this course, which receptors are most useful to you?
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meissners (not pacinian) when are pacininan impt ruffini impt? |
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The enteric system is limited to what area of the animal
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A.in the G.I. tract from the esophagus to the anal sphincter.
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Muscle spindle cell sensitivity is increased or decreased based on
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incr/dec gamma motor neuron |
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Exceeding the metabolic rate of the cells can lead to
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damagaed tissues |
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Golgi tendon organ are found in what structure?
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attachment of mm insertions what's found in finger tips whats found in muscle belly |
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Changes in muscle spindle cell function can be measured by looking a
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gait, palpation, passive rom |
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slowly adapting receptors
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muscle spindle cells ..... (not pacinian or retinal) |
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The function of the muscle spindle cell is to:
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report to brain about mm activity (not cause contraction) |
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Muscle spindle cells transduce what kind of information?
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movement and gravity |
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Photoreceptors are sensitive to light changes. Where are they found?
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retina |
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ong term stimulation of alpha receptors can lead to
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expression of Protein Kinase C, which can lead to disease.B.can lead to long term dysfunction of the nervous systemC.can be a part of everyday life ............
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Stimulus type is another classification for sensory receptors. Into what classification do stretch receptors of the skin, blood vessels and bladder fall?
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mechanorecptors what about nocicepors or chemoreceptors? |
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The one receptor that sends the most information to the brain regarding space and location is the muscle spindle cell. It has efferent fibers called
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Gamma efferent fibers from the ventral horn cells
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Alpha receptors found in the sympathetic nervous system react to norepinephrine. They can be found on these areas and are affected by ingredients found in these:
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muscle cells, cutaneous and visceral surfacres; food, herbs and drugs
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Neurotransmitters involved in the parasympathetic nervous system include:
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acetycholine ..... |
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Which of the following is false about the fore limbs in quadruped motion?
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They absorb the kinetic energy of downward movement.B.They store it as potential energy in stretched ligaments.C.Convert stored energy into upward kinetic energy.D.They should support 48% of an animal's weight at rest.
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The tail should
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move away from the rear limb that is going to picked up next.
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Which of the following is false?
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Long bodied, short legged dogs will have more forward range of motion and reduced backwards extension compared to dogs with longer legs.B.Dog breeds that are meant to be guard dogs will have more body mass.C.Dogs that swim should have a good trot.D.Dogs bred for speed will have more back flexibility than a dog bred for long slow work.
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hich of the following is a true statement?
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The front legs are used for exceleration.B.The hind limbs are used for slowing the animal down.C.The front limbs are shock absorbersD.At the walk there will be times when all 4 limbs are off of the ground.
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Which of the following is true about supporting leg lamenesses?
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They only effect the carriage of the affected leg with no apparent pain.B.They are usually proceded by a swinging leg lameness except in the case of known trauma.C.Supporting leg lamenesses are difficult for most people to visualize.D.The lameness is only noted between breakover and impact.Your answer is Incorrect
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The following is false when talking about stabilizing muscles.
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Slow twitchB.Lots of connective tissueC.OxidativeD.Isometric stabilizingE.Long fibers
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In the dog "short stride" refers to all of the following but
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time of the swing phaseB.a longer stride lengthC.a shorter stride lengthD.failure to retract the foot prior to impact.
answer b |
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what affects posture in quadruped |
gravity epaxial m of spine bones and joints of spine what patient had to eat last night ..... |
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no 1 cause of sports injury |
fatique |
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Which is false when it comes to mobilizing muscles?
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Long fibersB.Fast twitchC.GlycolicD.FusiformE.Lots of connective tissue.
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rear / front generates energy |
rear |
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The most efficient posture
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utilizes stabilizing muscles to stand which requires lower limbs that are perpendicular to the ground.
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proper stride length in q |
ecreases degenerative joint forces that the limb is exposed to.B.Allows for the most energy efficient movement of that animal.C.Decreases the chances of joint injury and fatigue all of above. anymore?
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Mechanorecptors in the neck help maintain equilibrium.
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true |
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Engagement refers to
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degree that hindend reaches under body |
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If an animal does not bring back a front leg that you have placed in a wide based stance, there is a good chance there is a problem with the
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front leg adductors |
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loss of sc function in order |
proprioception voluntary movt superficial pain sphincter control deep pain |
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opping in a horse
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requires weight to be transferred from the front to the back |
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direct symptoms of SI joint problems |
Dragging or scuffing of hind limbs.B.Lack of impulsion.C.Short strideD.Reluctance to jump.
others??? |
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Cervical dorsoflexion would cause the front limbs to flex without the presence o
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mechanoreceptors in neck |
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The TMJ in the dog is a
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synovial joint |
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The cranial skeletal anatomy allows for (choose all that apply)
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Correct Answer A & B
A.structure for the soft tissues to exist in the environmentB.the envy of all amoebasC.allows for the soft tissue to react to the bonesD.houses and protects the soft tissue |
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Changes in this boney structure can result in changes in vision.
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preshenoid bone |
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In the horse, at 2 years of age the adult incisors are all in wear
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false list.... |
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The disc in the equine TMJ is
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much thicker than in the dogB.more likely to subluxate than in the dogC.not a hinged joint
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The frontal bone is
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midline just over the eyesB.along the base of the noseC.the major bone along the roof of the cranium
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n what way is the shape of the jaw relative to the chiropractic adjustment?
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if the jaw is not balanced then the TMJ will not be balanced and require adjustmentB.an under bite will not affect the TMJ as much as an overbiteC.to many adjustments to the jaw will cause the teeth to grow irregularly
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The largest bone on the front of the horse's face is
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frontal |
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An animal that walks with a C shaped bend, has difficulty placing its feet and does not appear to know how far the ground is from it may have damage to which nerve?
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HypoglossolB.GlossopharyngealC.Occipital
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This nerve is cardioregulatory.
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vagal what do trigeminal and accessory do |
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he only cranial nerve that doesn't pass through the brain stem is
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accessory |
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Testing the muscles of mastication for strength is testing which nerve?
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trigeminal what do hypoglossal and abducens do |
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The olfactory lobes process information that is sent there from the
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The neuroepithelial cells in the olfactory muscous membrane of the nose
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Medial strabismus in the horse is often overlooked but is caused by
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damaged abducens. what would damaged occulomotor or trochlear look like? |
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The vomero nasal organ
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chemical stimuliB.fire to the amygdala, hypothalamus, and the stria terminalisC.is important for animal learningD.all of these answers are true
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Motor output to the tongue is affected by this nerve.
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hypoglossal what do phayngeal and accessory do? |
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Unilateral damage to this cranial nerve results in torticollis of the cervical spine.
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accessory |
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Which cranial nerve supplies the largest amount of facial sensory information to the brain?
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trigeminal |
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ame one muscle that is both a muscle of expression and a muscle of mastication.
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buccinator ........ |
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Several of the muscles of the hyoid apparatus function to determine the distance from the head to the ground and to signal the brain based on stretch receptors. Which of the following aid in this function?
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omohyoideus sternohyoideus |
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Muscles that flex the head and neck are all except one of these. Choose the one that is not.
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answer D.--- Rectus capitus ventralisB.Obliquus capitus caudalisC.Longus CapitisD.Obliquus capitus ventralis
are there more? |
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cles that flex and extend the head of the animal are important because they (choose all that may apply)
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supply motion to the atlas and occiputB.are important for maintaining function in the brain stem and spinal cordC.have special effects on facial expressionD.can be ignored because the other groups make up for their function
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What muscle is used in conjunction with the occipitomandibularis to depress the jaw in the horse?
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digastricus |
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How is the digastricus muscle innervated?
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mandibular and facial n |
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In the dog, does the digastricus muscle originate alone on the paracondylar process of the occipital bone?
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yes in horse??? |
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hoose the list of muscle of mastication and the nerve with which they are innervated.
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Temporalis, masseter, pterygoids, facialB.Temporalis, masseter, pterygoids, trigeminalC.Digasticus, masseter, genioglossus, trigeminalD.zygomaticus, orbicularis oris, digastricus, facial
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There are two groups of muscle of the head that we will be concerned with, although there are others that you will need to know. What two groups are most likely of concern? |
mastication and facial expression |
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he Buccinator muscle (choose all that apply)
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is innervated by the facial nerveB.makes up the cheek of the animalC.moves food over the tongueD.can be substituted for many super hero names
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Causes of third eyelid prolapse include all of the following except
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TetanusB.Atrophy of the muscles of mastication.C.Severe systemic diseaseD.Subluxation at L1,L2
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Your patient has a head tilt, nystagmus, and a hypometric gait. They are depressed and have generalized weakness. What is your diagnosis and what will you do?
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Central vestibular syndrome, adjust.
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Occipitalization of the atlas is present in Arabs at birth.
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true |
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Which of the following are true about Horner's syndrome?
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It is due to lack of sympathethic innervation to the eye.
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Which of the following is false about Wobblers in horses?
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It is common in Arabs.B.3 times more males than females are affected.C.Type 1 can affect horses as early as 2 months.D.Type 2 will usually cause a problem after 5 years.
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what subluxation will look like an atlantoaxial luxation? |
??? |
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lick granulomas often respond to what adjustment |
cervical |
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Stinghalt is due to
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hyperlfexion of stifle |
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which is not a symptom of wobblers |
Variable neck pain.B.Difficulty laying down.C.Hypertrophy of dorsal muscles of the neck.D.Slow prgressive incoordination of all four limbs worse in the hind end.
other symtoms... |
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Which of the following is true about listings in the entire cervical neck.
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The listing is based on the facet joint and its relationship to the spinal column.
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Cervical Traction
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n be used to relax patient |
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Which of the following is not an Atlas listing?
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Atlas SuperiorB.Atlas InferiorC.Atlas Posterior RightD.Atlas Superior RightE.Atlas Anterior
answer - e |
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what sports experience whiplash |
jumpers ...... |
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reference points on atlas |
anterior tubercle and wings.
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which is false |
Fistulus withers may look like a saddle sore.B.Poll evil may be contagious.C.Brucella abortus may infect the bursa of the nuchal ligament.D.Onchocerca never looks like Brucella infection.
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Which of the following is false about Hydrocephalus?
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It may be aquired and congenital.B.It is usually seen in large breed dogs.C.The animal has an unique shaped head.D.There will be a persistent soft spot on the animal.
answer b |
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In humans leg imbalances caused by spastic contraction of extensor muscles in the lower spine and pelvic girdle are helped by chiropractic adjustment. In animals this:
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in animals has been proven to work by evidenced based medicine |
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Differences in leg length may be due to:
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Differences in the lengths of the bones.B.Differences in the tone of the muscles in the leg compared to the contralateral leg.
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Dural torque may cause all of the following except?
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FCC poolingB.Paravertebral muscle weaknessC.Rotation of the spinous process of the vertebrae.D.Inappropriate signaling to organs in the viscera
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place the folllowing about dural torque in order |
1. Minimize Dural Torque Keep Horizon LevelK Be Aware of Danger Attempt to Be Free of Pain
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he dura mater is
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helps determine the functional capabilty of the cranial sacral respiratory mechanism.
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When checking leg length in the dog it is possible to get differing answers with the same subluxations, depending on which stance in which the animal is checked.
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true |
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Pathophysiology (please select 2) Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Abnormal function of the spine and nerve systemB.Abnormal muscle functionC.Abnormal Soft tissue functionD.Organ systems can be and are affectedE.Abnormal Joint functionF.Abnormal Nerve function
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a and d |
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n a BP Sacrum, the chiropractor would (check all that apply) Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Palpation would reveal that the sacral base does not move AnteriorB.Would adjust in an LOC of Anterior to PosteriorC.Might feel that the ilia (plural for ilium) have moved anterior and superior on both sidesD.Would adjust in LOC of Posterior to Anterior
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C A D |
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he following statement(s) are true about chiropractic (select all true statements) Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Is a philosophy, science and art of things naturalB.Is a method of treating lameness.C.Is to restore correct biomechanics and neurological soundnessD.Nerve interference can exist without pain.E.Should be sought out only after signs and symptoms of disease are present.F.Symptoms are a good thing.
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a,c,d,f |
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Histopathology is (please check all that apply) Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Abnormal pressure on joints leads to abnormal soft tissue functionB.Unnatural wear and tear causes arthritic changes to the joints and nearby tissueC.Abnormal Nerve TransmissionD.Abnormal joint motionE.Abnormal physiology
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a and b |
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Which one of the following is not a component of the vertebral subluxation complex (please check all that apply) Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.NeuropathophysiologyB.MyopathologyC.HistopathologyD.PathophysiologyE.KinesiopathologyF.Organopathophysiology
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f |
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Neuropathophysiology (select all that apply) Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Nerves that are compressed, stressed do not function properly.B.Has effects on organ systems.C.Is best managed by injections.D.Is one of the 5 components of the VSC (vertebral subluxation complex).E.Is nothing to worry about.F.Only is present if there is pain.
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a,b,d |
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Motion palpation is best described by the following (check all that apply) Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Is easy to learn, and is mastered quicklyB.Is an art that takes time to masterC.Primary method by which a chiropractor finds subluxationsD.Defined as motion, or lack thereof, felt by handE.Spongy end feel is what you are looking for
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b,c,d |
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Please select all that apply to Innate Intelligence Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Perfect adaptation of the body, depends upon perfect control by Innate intelligence.B.Chiropractors adjust so the body may fully express innate intelligence.C.Innate Intelligence can be out of balance and needs the help of drugs to work properly.D.Expression of Innate Intelligence can be in the form of a fever, diarrhea, pain, throwing up, high blood pressureE.Innate Intelligence can make mistakes.F.Innate Intelligence sends its controlling forces via the spinal cord through the spinal column, thence through the nerve trunks emitting from the spinal cord and passing through the intervertebral foramina to nerve branches ramifying to all parts of the body.
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a,b,d,f |
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The following can cause a vertebral subluxation: (please check all that apply) Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Dog that is startled by a thunderstorm.B.Dog that lays on the couch all day.C.Horse that gets spooked.D.Flyball champion in great condition.E.Dog whose owner just died.
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a,b,c,d,e |
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Dr. Leach lectures on the idea that theory driven practice can (choose all that apply) Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.improve the techniques and refine the system.B.help to improve the understanding of the diagnosis of subluxation.C.keep the practice of chiropractic from becoming antiquated.D.keeps the doctor properly indoctrinated.
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abc |
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D.D. Palmer created the theory using the innate as a part of the explanation for the science behind chiropractic in order to Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.keep chiropractor out of jail for practicing without a license.B.to explain how chiropractic was different from other manipulative therapies.C.cause chiropractors years of grief in addressing the claim that chiropractic is without science.
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a |
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A new philosophy for chiropractic might entail information such as Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.The body is a self healing entity with limitations that require the aid of chiropractic.B.Drugless therapies are the only way in which the body truly heals.C.The body heals from the top down, from the inside out.
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a |
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The original vertebral subluxation complex theory included the following: Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.In case of a simple vertebral subluxation, the vertebra is not lodged in a fixed and permanent abnormal position like the displaced brick in the wall; to consider it so is preposterous for it is a moveable bone in a flexible and moveable column.B.The vertebra is immobile and can not move either in rotation or in flexion.C.The vertebra, when isolated by impaired muscular function, is unable to move in a manner consistent with life.
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a |
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Some of the questions that might be raised by the study sited on cats include: Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Does the type of thrust matter?B.Are there other bodily responses to measure besides the muscle spindle cell?C.Are there more scientists in allopathic medicine than in chiropractic medicine?
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a and b |
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In the 1970s the now popular theories were introduced but were not popular then. Which were they? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Avoid the 3 W's: white flour, white sugar, white salt.B.If we become indoctrinated our profession will become obsolete.C.Elan vital is the essence of the soul (French for life of the soul)D.Leg length is a definitive measure of the subluxation complex.
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a |
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When practice is driven by theory Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.it increases the improvement of outcomes.B.it leaves those in practice open to criticism.C.it reduces the need for research.
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a |
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One example of research aiding in technique for chiropractic was done in cats. It showed that in anesthetized animals the ____________ sustained improved discharge regardless of duration. Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.low amplitude thrustB.continued thrustC.high firing rateYour answer is Correct
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a |
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D.D. Palmer held one theory of chiropractic for the duration of his life. Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.TrueB.False
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b |
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he original authors of the vertebral subluxation complex were Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Smith, Langworthy, Paxson, Modernized Chiropractic, 1906B.D.D. Palmer, B.J. Palmer and R. A. Leach, The Chiropractic Theories.C.Sid Williams, DC, Joseph Janse, DC and Joseph Keating Jr. DC, Chiropractic Methods.
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a |
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Puppy Sitting is normal in which of the following
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dog with pelvic rotation |
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Which of the following is true regarding Vestibular System in the quadruped? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.True nystagmus will only have a fast component.B.The vestibular apparatus detects orientation of the whole body.C.It tells the other parts of the brain where the head is.D.It transmits sensory information to the auricular system.
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c |
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Posterior Columns Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.communicate deep sensation and vibration.B.that are damaged will not alter gait.C.that are damaged can be improved by covering one eye with a blindfold.D.control fine tuned movement and therefore are not that important to animals that compete in events that don't require as much fine tuning in the completion of the event. Example barrel racing vs. dressage.
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a |
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Which of the following is an incorrect statement? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Depression in an animal is charecterized by a conscious but inactive state, unresponsive to surroundings and sleeps when undisturbed.B.An animal in a stupor will sleep excessively even through light stimuli.C.An animal in a coma will not be able to move but will look around occassionally.D.Interpeting mental state of an animal is possible even though you can not ask them direct questions.
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c |
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Proper posture requires Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.proper proprioception.B.good looks.C.practiceD.good genetics.
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a |
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You can identify dementia in a dog when they Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.don't remember your name.B.don't recognize the owner.C.have an occassional accident in the house.D.don't eat all of their food.
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b |
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Check all that apply to the mechanoreceptors in the neck> Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.They can be affected with chiropractic adjustment.B.The neck reflexes work opposite the vestibular system.C.Neck reflexes trump vestibular system.D.The mechanoreceptors of the neck are important for proper motion.
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a,b,d |
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Which of the following are correct Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.I - OlfactoryB.II - NuclearC.III - OcculomotorD.IV - Trigomotry
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a and c |
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Which of the following are correct? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.IX - GlossopharyngealB.X - RioC.XI - JewelryD.XII - Hypoglossal
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and and d |
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Hyperesthesia Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.means that the nerve roots in the area are chronically irritated.B.in an animal cause symptoms that owner's sometimes think are cool.C.Is not that important from a chiropractic standpoint.D.Means that the animal is dangerous.
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a and b look up symp of hyperesthesia |
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Which of the following is correct? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.V - TrigemenalB.VI - AdductorC.VIII - FacialD.VII - Glossopharyngeal
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a |
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Which of the following works on controlling the eye. Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.VI - AbducentB.III - OpticC.IV - OcculomotorD.IX - Vagus
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a |
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What does a positive crossed extensor reflex mean? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.NothingB.That the front of the animal doesn't have any idea what the back of the animal is doing.C.That the animal with a chronic issue has a great prognosis.D.That the animal should take up ballet
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b |
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Which of the following doesn't test vision. Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Menance ResponseB.Pupillary lightC.MazeD.Corneal Response
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d |
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Brushing the long whiskers on the face of an animal tests Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Sensory VII, Motor VB.Sensory V, Motor VIIC.Sensory V, Motor XD.Sensroy VI, Motor VII
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b |
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The righting reflex Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.should be tested by dropping a cat.B.is a simple spinal reflex.C.is a complex mechanism that includes the vestibular system, the auditory canals, proprioception, spinal reflexes and dural torque.D.can not be tested in the horse.
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c |
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Hopping a small and large animal test the same thing in both animals. Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.TrueB.False
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b |
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hich of the following is a normal reaction? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.A horse lets you place his front hoof upside down on the ground and returns it to normal once you let go.B.A horse lets you place his front hoof upside down on the ground and does not return it to normal once you let go.C.A horse lets you place his back hoof upside down on the ground and does not return it to normal once you let go.D.A horse will not let you put his hoof upside down on the ground.
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a c d |
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A dog with distal placing deficits can be used for Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.going on family walksB.agilityC.huntingD.playing frisbee
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a |
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A horse with abnormal proximal placing deficits can be trusted to Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.rope calves off of.B.walk and trot on a smooth surface.C.do intricate fast back and forth movements.D.take on a trail ride.
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b |
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Which of the following is a normal reaction. Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.A dog lets you place his paw upside down on the table and returns it to normal once you let go.B.A dog lets you place his front paw upside down on the table and does not return it to normal once you let go.C.A dog will not let you place his paw upside down on the table.D.A dog lets you place his hind paw upside down on the table and does not return it to normal once you let go.
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a c |
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Which of the following is listed correctly Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Wide based tests adductors, Cross legged tests abductors.B.Wide based tests abductors, Cross legged tests adductors.C.Wide based tests adductors, Cross legged tests adductors.D.Wide based tests abductors, Cross legged tests abductors.
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a |
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he wheelbarrow is Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.used to haul manure.B.an exam used to check neurological function of the front end of the dog.C.an exam used to check neurological function of the front end of the horse.D.an exam used to check neurological function of the back end of the dog.
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a and b |
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Postural Reactions are Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.based on the animal's ability to interact with humans.B.based on the animal's ability to interact with gravity.C.based on the animal's ability to interact with other animals.D.based on the animal's ability to interact with radioactivity.
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b |
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Magnetic healing, as practiced by D.D. Palmer, made extensive use of ceramic magnets. Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.TrueB.False
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b |
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The first physician to describe spinal manipulation around 400 BCE was: Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Dr. D.D. PalmerB.Dr. B.J. PalmerC.HippocratesD.SocratesE.Dr. Samuel WeedF.Dr. Jonas Salk
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hippocrates |
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The name Chiropractic has its origins in the Greek language and as so it means: Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Hand Foot DoctorB.Adjust and CorrectC.Done by HandD.Hand and AdjustE.Pop and PrayF.Magnetic Hands
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c |
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Please list the Three Generations of Chiropractors in the following order: The Discoverer The Developer The Educator Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.D.D. Palmer Dave Palmer B.J. PalmerB.A.T. Still Harvey Lillard Rev. Samuel WeedC.B.J. Palmer Mabel Palmer D.D. PalmerD.D.D. Palmer B.J. Palmer Dave PalmerE.Mabel Palmer B.J. Palmer T.J. PalmerF.Dr. Thomas Paine Dr. Willard Carver Dr. Joy Loban
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d |
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The legislation that would establish the first state Chiropractic Board of Examiners in Minnesota was stopped by? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Dr. Solon LangworthyB.Dr. Conrad RoentgenC.Dr. D.D. PalmerD.Dr. Sid E. WilliamsE.Dr. Robert CookF.Dr. Luke Gamble
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dd palmer |
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What was D.D. Palmer thinking after he discovered Chiropractic? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.When can I start a school to teach this professionB.I have found the cure for deafnessC.who will be my first studentD.this is so great, I want to keep it a secretE.I am going to write a book about Chiropractic to tell the world
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b and d |
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When B.J. Palmer introduced x-ray into the curriculum at Palmer School of Chiropractic he was met with opposition by a Dr. Joy Loban, a faculty member at Palmer School of Chiropractic. Dr. Loban protested in what way? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Sent a letter to B.J Palmer explaining his concernsB.Occupied the Administration BuildingC.Sent B.J. Palmer a letter of resignationD.Wrote a strong letter of opposition in the school newspaperE.Walked out of Palmer School of Chiropractic and started a new Chiropractic school three blocks awayF.Started a hunger fast to show his resolve
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e |
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Who was the first Chiropractor to use the term "subluxation" in a Chiropractic context? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Dr. Minora PaxsonB.Dr. Fred BargeC.Dr. Amy HyakD.Dr. Solon LangworthyE.Dr. D.D. PalmerF.Dr. B.J. Palmer
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langworthy |
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Chiropractic was discovered by D.D. Palmer in Davenport,Iowa on which date? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.July 4, 1776B.September 11, 1890C.May 1, 1906D.September 18, 1895E.December 25, 1877F.November 18, 1899
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sept 18 1895 |
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In 1905, D.D. Palmer was indicted for practicing medicine without a license but was found not guilty by a jury of his peers. Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.TrueB.False
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false |
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Dr. Oakley Smith developed a new health science called Naprapathy which based its work on the theory that tight _________ are a primary cause of disease. Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.capillary bedsB.anastamosisC.musclesD.tendonsE.ligamentsF.fascia
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ligaments |
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The Chiropractic anti-trust suit was filed singularly against the American Medical Association with no other defendants named. Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.TRUEB.FALSE
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false |
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Dr. Chester Wilk was the main Chiropractor plaintiff in the suit filed against the American Medical Association. Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.TRUEB.FALSE
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false |
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Who was the developer of the nine component model of the vertebral subluxation complex? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Dan MurphyB.Virgil StrangC.D.D. PalmerD.Michael LeahyE.None of the above
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none of above...look this up |
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What are the causes of a Subluxation? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.The three T'sB.ThoughtsC.TraumasD.ToxinsE.All of the answers could be the answerF.Birth, Vaccination, Confinement
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e |
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What type of receptors transmit pain? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.MechanoreceptorsB.NociceptorsC.ProprioceptorsD.None of the above
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none of the above...look up |
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t is the definition of VSC? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Model of motion segment dysfunction that interacts with nerve, muscle, ligaments, etc.B.A lesion or dysfunction in a joint of motion segment.C.A syndrome with signs and symptoms with altered alignment.D.All of the aboveE.Vertebral Subluxation Complex
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d |
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Which of the following is not one of the three forms of Neuropathology? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Irritation of nerve receptors or nerve tissueB.Increased axoplasmic transportC.Compression or mechanical insult to neural elements in or about the intervertebral foramen
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b |
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Which of the following is classified as a typical segment of the spine? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.C1B.C2C.T6D.SI
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c |
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What are the components of Faye's vertebral subluxation complex model? Correct AnswerYour AnswerOptionA.Kinesiopathology, Neuropathology, Myopathology, Vascular Pathology, and HistopathologyB.Kinesiopathology, Neuropathology, Myopathology, Histopathology, and Inflammatory responseC.Kinesiopathology, Neuropathology, Myopathology, Vascular Pathology, and Inflammatory responseD.Vascular Pathology, Neuropathology, Myopathology, Histopathology, and Inflammatory response
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b |
