Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Arteries |
Carry blood away from heart and toward capillaries |
AA |
|
Veins |
Carry blood towards the heart and away from the capillaries |
VT |
|
Capillaries |
Carry blood from the arterioles to the venules |
Two structures the capillaries lie between |
|
Arteries outer layer |
Tunica externa- outer layer of fibrous connective elastic tissue |
|
|
Arteries middle layer |
Tunis media- smooth muscle, thick in arteries, some elastic tissue, important in blood pressure regulation |
|
|
Capillary layer |
Tunica intima- microscopic vessels, only one layer thick |
|
|
Vein inner layer |
Tunica intima- inner layer, valves prevent retrograde movement of blood |
|
|
Vein middle layer |
Tunica media- smooth muscle, thin in veins |
|
|
Vein outer layer |
Tunica externa- heavy layer of fibrous connective tissue you in mini veins |
|
|
Function of arteries |
Distribute nutrients and gases, carried in the blood by way of high-pressure, assist in maintaining arterial blood pressure, serve as blood reservations |
|
|
Function of Capillaries |
Serve as exchange vessels for nutrients, waste and fluids. Example oxygen exchange |
|
|
Function of Veins |
Collect blood for return to the heart, low pressure flow of blood compared with arteries |
|
|
Arteriosclerosis |
Hardening of arteries caused by calcification of fatty deposits on atrial wall May be corrected with vasodilators, angioplasty or surgical replacement |
|
|
Atherosclerosis |
Lipids and other matter blocked arteries |
|
|
Aneurysm |
-Abnormal widening of arterial wall -Promotes the formation of thrombi that may obstruct blood flow to vital tissues |
|
|
CVA |
Ischemia of brain tissue caused by an embolism or hemorrhage |
|
|
Varicose veins- vein disorder |
Enlarged veins - blood pools - example: hemorrhoids in the rectum |
|
|
Thrombophlebitis- Vein disorder |
Vein inflammation that is accompanied by a clot formation, may result in fetal pulmonary embolism |
|
|
Systemic Circulation |
Carries blood throughout the body. The path goes from the left ventricle through the aorta, smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins,vena cava, to right atrium |
|
|
Pulmonary Circulation |
-Carries blood to and from lungs -Arteries deliver deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange -The pathway is from the right ventricle through pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, two left atrium |
|
|
Blood Circulation |
Refers to the flow of blood through all of the vessels, which are arranged in a complete circuit or circular pattern |
What happens with low to no BP? |
|
Hepatic Portal Circulation |
- A unique blood route through the liver. - Veins, the hepatic portal, exist between two capillary beds. - Assists with homeostasis of blood glucose levels, stores glycogen and detoxifies the blood |
|
|
Blood Pressure |
- The push or force of blood in the blood vessels. - Exist in all blood vessels, higher pressure and arteries and lower pressure in veins. |
|
|
Blood Pressure Gradient |
- Causes blood to circulate. - Liquids can only flow from high pressure to areas of low pressure |
|
|
Low or Nonexistent Blood Pressure |
Fatal if not corrected |
|
|
Hypertension (HTN) |
Cause a blood vessel to rupture. Can eventually lead to a CVA or MI |
|
|
What are the factors with BP? |
- Blood volume - Strength of heart contractions - Heart rate - Blood viscosity - Resistance to flow (peripheral resist) |
|
|
Heart Rate- its effect on BP |
Increased heart rate increases pressure, decreased rate equals decreased pressure |
|
|
Blood Volume- its effect on BP |
The larger the volume the more pressure exerted on the vessel walls |
|
|
Strength of Contractions- its effect on BP |
After cardiac output the stronger contraction increases pressure the weaker contraction decreases pressure |
|
|
Blood Viscosity- its effect on BP |
- With less than normal thickness the pressure is lower. - With greater than normal thickness the pressure is higher |
|
|
Resistance to Blood Flow (peripheral resist)- its effect on BP |
Affected by many factors including vasomotor mechanism (vessel muscle contraction and relaxation) |
|
|
Fluctuations in Arterial BP |
- BP varies within normal range from time-to-time - Central Venous Pressure (CVP) influences pressure in large peripheral veins |
|
|
Venous return of blood to heart depends on five mechanisms |
- Strongly beating heart - An adequate arterial BP - Valves in Veins - Pumping action of skeletal muscle contraction - Changing pressure and chest cavity caused by breathing |
|
|
Pulse |
- Alternate expansion and recoil of the blood vessel wall. - 9 major pulse points and named for arteries it's near |
|
|
HTN |
- Occurs when blood pressure exceeds 140/90 - 90% of cases are primarily idiopathic - Risk factors: genetics, age, stress, obesity |
|
|
Circulatory Shock |
Failure of circulatory system to deliver oxygen to the tissues adequately resulting and cell impairment |
|
|
Cardiogenic Shock |
Caused by heart failure |
|
|
Hypovolemic Shock |
- Drop in blood volume that causes blood pleasure and bloodflow to drop. - Often caused hemorrhage or loss of intestinal fluid, causing blood plasma chain out of the vessels |
|
|
Neurogenic Shock |
- Caused by nerve condition that relaxes blood vessels and that's reduces blood flow. - Occurs when sympathetic stimulation is disrupted |
|
|
Anaphylactic Shock |
- Results from acute allergic reaction, anaphylaxis. - Causes same kind of blood vessels that occur in neurogenic shock |
|
|
Septic Shock |
- Results from complications of septicemia. - Toxins dilate blood vessel's, including shock |
|
|
Trace the Blood Flow |
See pic |
|
|
Pre-capillary Sphincters |
Smooth muscle cells that guard the entrance to the capillaries |
|
|
Superior Vena Cava |
Largest vein |
|
|
Aorta |
Carries blood out of left ventricle |
|
|
BP Gradient |
The difference between two blood pressures |
|