Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lesions to which structure specifically block the conditioning of fear to s context |
Hippocampus |
|
Each facial expression _________ on the left side of the face |
Begins |
|
The physiological response to harm or threat is generally referred to as |
Stress response |
|
What stress pathway is the faster system? |
Anterior-pituitary adrenal-cortex system |
|
The concept of a generalized stress response was developed by |
Hans Selye |
|
Glucocorticoids are released from the |
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland |
|
An important advance in the study of the physiology of stress came with the discovery in the 1990s that stress triggers that stress triggers the release of __________, which play a role in inflammation and fever. |
Cytokines |
|
Subordination stress, similar to what you saw in the video that features baboons, is most readily investigated in species that form |
Dominance hierarchies |
|
Gastric ulcers are usually caused by |
Helicobactor pylori: bacteria |
|
The immune system has two components: the immune system and the _____________ immune system. |
Adaptive |
|
Brief stressors usually do what to the immune system |
Improvements to the innate immune system |
|
Which neural structure has a particularly high number of glucocorticoid receptors? |
Hippocampus |
|
The adult neurogenesis of hippocampal cells is reduced by |
Stress |
|
What brain structure runs the endocrine system |
Pituitary gland |
|
The main difficulty in diagnosing psychiatric disorders is that |
Patients suffering from the same disorder often display different symptoms
Patients suffering from different disorders often display many of the same symptoms |
|
Hallucinations associated with schizophrenia often take the form of |
Imaginary voices making comments/telling patients what to do |
|
The probability that a close biological relative of a patient suffering from schizophrenia will also be diagnosed with schizophrenia is about |
10% |
|
Which of the following early experiential factors have been implicated in some cases of schizophrenia |
Birth complications, early infections, autoimmune reactions, toxins, traumatic injury |
|
Dopamine agonist is to dopamine antagonist as |
? |
|
The clinical effectiveness of typical neuroleptic drugs is positively correlated with the degree to which they bind to |
D2 receptors |
|
In general, conventional neuroleptic a tend to be more effective against |
Positive schizophrenic symptoms |
|
The dissociative anesthetics, such as ketamine |
Is a psychedelic drug; mimic the negative symptoms of schizophrenia by acting as agonist of glutamate receptors |
|
Structural brain imaging studies of schizophrenic patients typically reveal |
? |
|
Depressed patients who do not experience periods of mania are said to suffer from ______________ affective disorders |
Unipolar |
|
About what percentage of people suffer from clinical depression at some point in their lives |
10% |
|
MAO inhibitors are no longer used in the treatment of depression because they |
Block MAPs ability to break down tyamine |
|
Prozac |
Antidepressant/tricyclic antidepressant |
|
Lithium has often been used as a treatment for |
Bipolar affective disorder |
|
Prozac is a slight structural variation of |
Tricyclic antidepressants |
|
Several large scale studies have compared the effectiveness of various antidepressants to placebos. These studies have found that |
Psychiatric disorders often respond to placebo treatments |
|
The monoamine theory of depression is that depression is associated with |
Los serotonin activity |
|
The neuroplasticity theory of depression comes from the discovery that ketamine |
An NMDA glutamate receptor agonist |
|
Some success has been reported in treating clinical depression with chronic low-level electrical stimulation of the ______________________ through implanted electrodes |
Anterior cingulate gyrus in the medial prefrontal cortex |
|
It has been estimated that benzodiazepines are currently being used by approximately _____ of adult North Americans |
10% |
|
Benzodiazepines |
Works on GABA/tranquilizer |
|
An ideal placebo is a control drug that produces the same _____________ effects as the drug that is being tested. |
Psychological |
|
An ideal placebo is a control drug that produces the same _________ effects as the drug that is being tested |
Psychological |