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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mininges
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The protective thin layer of tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
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PAD stands for (from inner to outer layer)
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Pia Mater, Arachnoid Membrane, Dura Mater
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List 5 of the most common subcortical dementias
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Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and Diffuse Lewy Body Disease
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What part of the brain is mainly affected by Parkinson's?
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Substantia Nigra
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what part of the brain is mainly affected by Huntington's?
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Caudate Nucleus
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Edema
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swelling of the brain
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intracranial pressure
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occurs when there is no space left in the skull for the brain to swell (edema) and pressure accumulates. if severe above 20 mm Hg it can cause death.
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Brain herniation
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is when the brain is displaced or deformed because of hemorrhages, tumors, infections and other pathological processes.
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subdural hematoma
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bleeding that happens beneath the dura
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extradural hematoma
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bleeding outside of the dura
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epidural hematoma
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bleeding between the meninges and the skull less common (1-3%)
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Linear fracture
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benign and is distinctively straight
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depressed skull fracture
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great impact, shattered part of skull and brain, shattered pieces may get lodged in brain, increased risk of infection and meningeal artery rupture is also a possibility
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Post traumatic epilepsy
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may arise from scar tissue and brain penetrating head injuries, onset may be delayed, children are more susceptible. There is an increased risk if one has been in a coma for more than 24 hours. 20% do not have subsequent seizures after the first one. no driver's license and anticonvulsant medication is administered.
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cognitive reserve
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the number of neurons that are disposable without any cognitive damage
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concussions
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mild Traumatic Brain Injury. The damage is cumulative, meaning that the second time is much worse than the first and the damage experienced is also much worse. cognitive reserve would be important in this instance. Each injury brings you closer to going over the cognitive reserve which would indicate permanent damage.
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Brain Injury attention deficits
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not being able to multi-task anymore, noise sensitivity, reading time is shortened
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brain injury mood changes
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more irritable, higher levels of anxiety and depression
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brain injury and personality changes
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frontal lobe syndrome, loss of personalities, disinhibition and loss of friends/loved ones
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brain injury post traumatic amnesia
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forgetfulness, retro and anterograde amnesia after TBI
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Post Concussion
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dizzyness, headaches, amnesia, sensitivity to noise and light, energy loss, sensitivity to medication and alcohol, lessens over time
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malingering
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doing poorly on test on purpose. trying to get of work or school etc
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cogniform disorder
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so alongside malingering, this person would exaggerate their illness more than the damage would actually indicate, they would truly believe that they are a sick person and would consequently continue to act the role. doesn't really have any real reason for doing this.
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Applied Behavior Analysis
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Engage in task they are trying to recuperate , break down the task into the smallest steps possible and determine where the intermittent problem may lie. Integrate results of other testing.
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When should rehab be implemented?
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As soon as possible. The longer one waits the less likely to get any kind of recovery. neurons may recover but not necessarily in the same path.
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Ecological valididty
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the extent in which neruopsychological tests actually translate into real world behavior. e.g if patient is able to function normally at home despite the diagnosis of the test then it would indicate low ecological validity.
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Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test
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real world version of memory test, like addressing an envelope. Don't have a large number of translatable tests.
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Rehab Function (reinstitution)
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focus on fixing the problem, can we get proper function back, focus on performance.
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Rehab Performance (substitution)
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substituting broken part with other things to make up for it. Focus on compensation.
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Crystallized intelligence
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stored knowledge and habitual ways of acting and solving built up over a lifetime
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Fluid Intelligence
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novel reasoning and efficiency in solving new tasks and problems or responding to novel ideas
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Differential Preservation Hypothesis
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the differences in cognitive abilities of older adults are due to the differences in their current level of mental activity and mental exercise
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Preserved Differentiation Hypothesis
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"cognitive reserve" those that showed higher mental capacities to begin with continue to show similar patterns as they age
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Dementia
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loss of cognitive or intellectual function. Decline is acquired and unsual, usually reversible. Memory impairment is a prominent and necessary feature.
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