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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rooms must be cleaned after every patient to prevent the spread of ______ and _______ |
Odors and disease |
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True or false, chemicals used to clean floors should never be mixed |
True |
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For small animals, such as dogs, cats, birds and small animals, the ambient room temperature should be between ___ and ___ degrees |
18 to 25 degrees Celsius |
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What happens if there is not adequet ventilation in the kennel room where animals are staying for a long period of time? |
Increase in urine odors, ammonia levels and a number of airborne bacteria and viruses. Could irritate the respiratory tract and predispose animals and people to respiratory disease. |
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True or false, it's okay to house natural predators and prey animals in the same room. |
False |
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What are the 5 most important qualities in a kennel |
1.no porous material (no germs missed) 2.water proof 3.easily cleanable 4.open concept front (for observation) 5.easy locking latch (escape proof) |
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True or false. Hair, feces and litter decrease effectiveness and disinfectants or can even render them ineffective |
True |
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List examples of exogenous and endogenous sources of microorganisms |
Exogenus -air, instruments, skin, staff... Endogenus -within the patients blood stream (for example gingivitis and dermatitis. When there is damage to the tissue, bacteria can enter the blood stream and infect other places in the body) |
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List the criteria for the ideal disinfectant |
Broad-spectrum, non-irritating, non-toxic, non-corrosive, inexpensive, doesn't damage or stain surfaces, stable after application, fast acting, unaffected by organic material, effective at any temp and residual & cumulative action. |
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Match the following terms to the proper definitions A) Antiseptic B)Bactericide C)Bacteriostatic D)Biocide E)Detergent F)Disinfectant G)Fungicide H)Sanitize I)Sporicide J)Sterilize K)Virucide |
____ Agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria ____ Reducing the number of microbes to a safe level ____ Agent that kills viruses ____ Agent that kills bacteria ____ Chemical soap that has free ions and leaves a film on surfaces ____ Agent that kills fungi ____ Chemical used to prevent or inhibit the growth of microbes on inanimate objects ____ Agent that kills spores ____ To eliminate all microbes by killing or inactivation ____ Agent that kills living organisms ____ Chemical that inhibits or prevents the growth of microbes on living tissue |
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What are the 3 general types of physical methods used for sterilization? |
Filtration, radiation, heat (most common) |
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True or false. Boiling water is an effective sterilization method |
False |
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Sterilizers that employ steam under pressure are called _____ |
Autoclave |
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What kind of questions are best to ask when taking a patient's history |
Open ended questions |
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True or false, medical records are legal documents |
True |
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What should be in the signalment part of the history |
Age, sex, breed, |
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What should be included in the background info part of the history |
General management, preventative medicine, behavioral info, household info, allergy history, reproductive history, past pertinent medical history |
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What is a chief complaint |
The presenting complaint, why the clients brought in the animal |
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Make sure all medical records are input in _____ are recorded thoroughly, _________, and are ______ |
Real time, professionally, legible |
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True or false. It is very important to asses both muscle condition score as well as body condition score. This will be much more accurate in assessing the overall health of the animal. |
True |
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What does TPR stand for and when would we do a TPR |
Temperature, pulse, respiration If a complete physical exam is not needed, often times techs or assistants will preform TPRs |
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What does CRT stand for |
Capillary refill time |
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Explain how you obtain a CRT |
Press a finger on the gums until the area around the finger turns white. When you remove the finger count the amount of seconds it takes for the white spot to return to the regular color |
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What is considered a normal result of the CRT |
Less than 2 seconds |
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What could it mean if you are getting a really low rectal temperature what should you do |
The tip of the thermometer could be sitting in some fecal matter. It's always good practice to double check low temperatures and retry. Making sure to gently pull the thermometer to one side against the wall of the rectum |
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True or false. We should always check the pulse to make sure it's the same at the heart rate |
True |
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If you count to 45 heart beats in 15 seconds, this is what you would write in the medical records |
180 bpm |
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While assessing a patients respiration you should note how many breaths the patient takes per minute as well as ______ the chest to listen for any abnormalities |
Auscultate |
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What instrument is used to assess heart and lung sounds. |
Stethoscope |
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You enter the exam room and weigh the patient. Your clinic scale says he weighs 8.8lbs, but the veterinarian prefers you write the weight down in kg not lbs in the medical records. How much does he weighs in kgs |
4kgs (we divide and multiply by 2.2 to get either the kgs or lbs) |
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What are 2 things you can do to check a patient's hydration status |
-gently pinch the skin between the shoulders (tenting) and observe how long it takes to return to normal -check mucous membranes and assess if moist or dry |
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A patient comes in with sunken eyes, dry and tacky mucous membranes and has a delay of about 7 seconds when tenting skin. How dehydrated is the patient |
8-10% dehydrated |
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Complete the values chart Canine Rectal Temperature Heart Rate Respiratory Feline Rectal Temperature Heart Rate Respiratory |
Canine Rectal temperature 37.8-39.p Heart rate 60-160bpm Respiratory 16 - 32 bpm Feline Rectal temperature 37.8-39.0 Heart rate 140-220bpm Respiratory 20-42 bpm |
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3 abnormalities you can physically see during a complete exam Oropharyngeal Eyes Ears Respiratory Cardiovascular Rectal Urogenital Integumentary Musculoskeletal |
1) Cracked teeth Teeth discoloration Tartar 2) Swelling, redness, discharge 3) Discharge, redness, swelling 4) Visualize rate and and effort, distress? Are the nares symettrical? Patent? Any discharge? 5) Looking at mucous membranes, color? Hydration, CRT 6) Redness, Swelling, discharge 7) Loss of hair, extra skin, any masses 8) Discoloration or irritation between toes, cracked or bleeding nails, balding coat? 9) Lameness? Favoring? Limping |
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What is dead space? When can it cause a problem |
A potential space where product can go in a syringe when the plunger is pushed up as far as it will go. This can cause problems in small doses, it could be a significant amount that stays in the hub and doesn't get administered to the patient |
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Is a 25g needle smaller or bigger than 20g |
Smaller |
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Before injecting a medication we must always _____ to confirm the needle isn't I'm a blood vessel or that the needle hasn't gone through the skin |
Aspirate |
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Why is it important to properly ID a patient and how do we do that |
We may have similar patients in the clinic under the same name. It's important to have the clients name also with the paperwork to ensure we have the right animal |
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True or false you should never mix drugs or vaccines in the same syringe unless otherwise directed by a veterinarian |
True |
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What should always be written on the label of a patient's syringe |
Drug name, date, initials of who drew it, patient it's intended for, how much product (ml), and the concentration (mg/ml) |
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What should you do if you find air bubbles in your syringe |
The flicking technique, gently tap or counter or table... the bubbles MUST be removed do NOT inject air into a patient |
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What factors could affect the veterinarians decision on the route of administration for a patient |
Patient condition, temperament, type of medication, urgency involved, cost, ease of administration and whether a systemic or local effect is desired |
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Before administering any medication at all we must first check we have the right _________ |
Animal, Drug, route, time and dosage |
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You have a fussy patient who won't take oral meds and you're worried about putting your hand all in there what are some other solutions |
Coat in PB Hide in cheese Pill sandwich using fresh bread Pill pocket |
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When administering ophthalmic medication it is very important to use your dominant hand, the one holding the medication on top of the patients head why is this? |
To ensure if they move or jerk your hand/arm will go with you preventing car accident |
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True or false. Parenteral administration is medicine taken into the body or administered in a manner OTHER than through the digestive tract |
True |
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When administering SQ fluids into a dehydrated patient we can give ___ to ______ of warmed fluids per section |
50- 100 |
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When region of the body do we normally administer SQ |
Dorso lateral is preferred |
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What is a disinfectant |
Chemical used to prevent or inhibit the growth of microbes on inanimate objects |
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Antiseptic vs disinfectant |
Antiseptic Chemical that inhibits or prevents the growth or microbes on living tissue Disinfectant Chemical that prevents or inhibits the growth of microbes on inanimate objects |
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Sterilization vs Sanitation |
Sterilization A chemical where all organisms are destroyed Sanitation chemical that reduces the number count of microbes to a safe level |
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What sterilization method is most commonly used in the vet clinic |
Moist heat ( steam under pressure) |
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What is the name of the instrument we use for sterilization |
The autoclave |
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What types of needles are there |
Regular, multidose, insulin syringe |
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The needle construction |
Bevel, shaft, hub, gauge number |
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What's the rule for needle gauges |
Bigger the number the smaller the needle |
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Filling a syringe steps |
Wipe the top Take in air to avoid creating a vacuum Insert into vial, insert air Tip vial, syringe over start drawing up |
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What do we mean when talking about developing a rapport |
Building a relationship of trust with the client |
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How do we build a rapport |
Introduce yourself Smile Know the clients name Know the patients name and sex Show you care/ have compassion Respect |
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What are the 2 parts of taking a history |
Signalment Background |
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What are some supplies we may need for a PE |
Stethoscope Otoscope Opthalmoscope Pen light Plexor Thermometer Gloves Lube |
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What does BCS and MCS stand for |
Body condition score and muscle condition score |
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Explain what would be wrong if the mucous membrane is Normal Pale or white Blue/Cyanotic Brick Red Yellow/icteric Brown-ish Petechia |
Normal- is pink, profusion and oxygenation of blood tissue is at a good level Pale or white- is anemic, poor perfusion, vasoconstriction Blue- inadequate oxygenation Brick Red - increased profusion, vasodialation Yellow- bilirubin accumulation from hepatic disorder Brownish- Tylenol(acetaminophen) toxicity( common in cats) or hemolytic anemia Petechia - coagulation/ blood disorder |
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Oral medication forms |
Tablets, capsules, liquid solution Slower action than most routes |
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Topical medication forms |
Liniment (rubbed in) lotions (soothing substance) ointment (water evaporates to leave drug on skin) |
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The 3 "Other" medication forms |
Aural Opthalmic Intradermal |
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Inhalant medication forms |
Anesthetic, puffers, oxygen, humidifiers, nebulizer(mist) |
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Parenteral medication |
Anything taken into the body in a way other than through the digestive tract |
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When is parenteral better |
Speed, oral trauma, vomiting, rehydration therapy, long-term therapy |
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Routes for parenteral medication |
Subcutaneous (SQ, SC, SUBQ) (slowest parenteral route) Intramuscular Intravenously (fastest route) |
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Routes for fluid or medication administration |
Oral Orogastric intubation Transdermal Aural Intrarectal Intranasal Intradermal Topical Topical opthalmic Inhalents Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intravenously Intratracheal Intraosseuous Intraperitoneal |
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Orogastric tube |
Often used to administer activated charcoal or perform gastric package for animals that invested toxins Orphans or neonatal who are unable or are not nursing will be given an Orogastric tube (Dogs usually permit placement cats need sedation) |
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Before Orogastric medication is administered what should we check |
That it's in the correct placement, and after administration the tube is flushed to ensure everything has passed through |
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0-5% dehydration |
No abnormalities seen- skin immediately returns to normal position after tenting, normal CRT,normal eyes, pink and moist MM |
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5-8% dehydration |
Slight delay (2-4secs) in return of the skin to normal position, slight increase in CRT (2 seconds), eyes slightly sunken in sockets, mucous membrabes slightly dry or tacky |
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8-10% dehydration |
Obvious delay (5-10 seconds) in the skin returning to normal position, increased CRT (2-2.5) eyes sunken in sockets, mucous membranes dry, slightly tacky |
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10-12% dehydration |
Skin remains tented (10-30 seconds) CRT2increased dramatically(3+) eyes very sunken, dry mucous membrane, animal is depressed, may see signs of shock such as cool extremities, rapid/weak pulse, tachycardia |
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12-15% dehydration |
State of shock, death is probable |
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When might dry mucous membranes not be accurate in hydration status? |
Panting! |
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What is a gallop rhythm |
Presence of a 3rd heart sound |
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What is a murmur |
Abnormal sound caused by turbulent blood flow Heard as a swishing noise |
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Veterinary medicine is ___ cleanup and ___ medical practice |
90% and 10% |
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One of the reasons cleanup in a veterinary practice is so challenging is the large amount of _______. It is such a major problem that a vacuum system needs to be used bedor3 general mopping |
Hair shed by animals |
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When ________ there are probably many other clients quietly forming a negative impression about the practice |
One client complains |
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Whenever a pet messes an area or cage, it must be cleaned ______ and ______ |
Quickly and thoroughly |
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The ventilation system should be capable of exhausting all air within the building within ______ to facilitate odor control |
15-20 minutes |
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Disinfectant are chemicals that kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms on inanimate objects such as ______ |
Surgical equipment, floors, and tabletop |
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Labels must be read clearly to dilute the product to the correct strength to have a solution that kills ____, ______, or ______ |
Viruses, fungi, or bacteria |
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Clients notice _____ while waiting in the examination room |
The dirt |
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T or F, If you find fecal matter in a dogs kennel, you should clean it up yourself |
T |
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T or F, it's ok to return an animal to a freshly cleaned still wet kennel |
F |
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T or F, Potted plants that sit on the floor are often urinated on and should be cleaned frequently |
T |
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T or F, chemicals used to clean floors should never be mixed |
T |
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Sanitizers are chemical agents that kill all microorganisms |
F |
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As long as the outside of the practice looks presentable, the inside doesn't really matter |
F |