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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
allargando (allarg.)
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getting broader, slower
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assai
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very
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calando
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gradually diminishing in volume and tempo
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con brio
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with vigor, energetic
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flautando
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bow lightly over the fingerboard
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ma non troppo
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but not too much
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martele
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very strongly accented, sharp attack with clean stop
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mordent
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~m~
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morendo
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gradually decreasing in volume, dying away
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punta d'arco
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at the tip of the bow
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rubato
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flexible tempo; rhythmically free
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sautille
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bouncing bow, rapid spiccato, very close to string
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solo
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one player to a part (soloist's entry in orchestra)
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stringendo
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accelerating the tempo, gradually getting faster
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sul Ponticello
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bow near the bridge
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sul tasto (Italian)
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bow lightly over the fingerboard
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turn
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~
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tutti
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all (complete section plays in orchestra)
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andantino
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not as slow as andante
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attacca
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next section folows without break
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colle
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press, then lift the bow
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enharmonics
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notes that sound the same but are written differently
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harmonic
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flute-like tone produced by touching the string lightly
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largo
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extremely slow, stately, broadly
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lento
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very slow, not as slow as largo
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l'istesso tempo
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same tempo as prevoiusly
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loco
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return to the written pitch after 8va
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maestoso
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majestic
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octava (8va-----)
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play an octave higher than written
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pesante
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heavy
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porato
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several notes are separated slightly within a slur
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simile
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in a like manner, the same way
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allegretto
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not as fast as allegro, with a lightness of style
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appoggiatura
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(little 8th note)(quarter note)=(two 8th notes)
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arpeggio
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tones of a chord that are played melodically
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cantabile
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singing style
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coda
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ending passage of a composition
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marcato
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emphasized, stressed, marked
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molto
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much, very
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phrase
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natural division of the melodic line
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poco a poco
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little by little
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presto
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extremely fast
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relative major and minor keys
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keys with the same key signature (C Major, A minor)
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sempre
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always
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sostenuto
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sustained
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subito
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suddenly
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theme
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musical motive that serves as the basis of a piece
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tranquillo
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calm
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trill
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tr (shakes)
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vibrato
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rocking motion of left hand to vary the pitch slightly
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a tempo
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return to regular speed
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crescendo (cresc.)
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gradually get louder
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decrescendo (decresc.)
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gradually get softer
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diminuendo (dim.)
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gradually get softer
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fermata
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(birds eye) hold longer, pause
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forte
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f loud
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legato
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smooth bowing, no pause between notes
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piano
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p soft
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ritardando (rit.)
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slowing gradually
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staccato
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detached, stopped bows on the string
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accent
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play with emphasis
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arco
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play with the bow
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fortissimo
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ff very loud
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mezzo forte
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mf medium loud
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mezzo piano
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mp medium soft
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pianissimo
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pp very soft
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pizzicato (pizz.)
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pluck the string
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slur
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connects two or more different notes in one bow
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tie
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connects two or more of the same notes in one bow
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accelerando (accel.)
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gradually getting faster
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allegro
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fast, quick and lively tempo
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andante
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moderately slow, at a walking tempo
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D.C. al Fine
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return to the beginning, play to the end ("Fine")
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D.S. al Fine (~S~)
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return to the sign, play to the end ("Fine")
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dolce
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sweetly
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forte-piano
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fp loud, then immediately soft
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moderato
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medium tempo
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rallentando (rall.)
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becoming gradually slower
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sforzando
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sfz suddenly accented, forced
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adagio
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slow tempo, slower than andante
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con sordino
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with the mute
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concerto
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piece for a soloist with orchestral accompaniment
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detache
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slight pause between notes, one note per bow
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etude
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study or exercise stressing a technical problem
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grazioso
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gracefully
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interval
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the distance between two notes
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leggiero
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light, graceful
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meno mosso
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less motion, slower
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piu mosso
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more motion, faster
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senza sordino
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without the mute
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spiccato
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bow is bounced, clearly articulated
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tenuto
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sustained, hold for full value
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Tonic (I)
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first note of a scale, pitch on which a key is centered
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vivace
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very fast, vivacious and full of life
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order of sharps
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F# C# G# D# A# E# B#
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order of flats
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Bb,Eb,Ab,Db,Gb,Cb,Fb
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order of sharp Major scales including C major
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C,G,D,A,E,B,F#,C#
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order of flat Major scales including C major
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C,F,Bb,Eb,Ab,Db,Gb,Cb
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three enharmonic major scales
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C#/Db, F#/Gb, B/Cb
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order of sharp minor scales including a minor
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a,e,b,f#,c#,g#,d#,a#
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order of flat minor scales including a minor
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a,d,g,c,f,Bb,eb,ab
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three enharmonic minor scales
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a#/Bb, d#/eb, g#/ab
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how to write order of sharps in BASS CLEF?
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down 4, up 5, until A# which is placed on lower space, then continue pattern
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how to write order of flats in BASS CLEF?
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start low Bb, up 4, down 5 straight w/o break
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how to write order of sharps in TREBLE CLEF?
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start upper F#, down 4, up 5, until A# which is on lower space
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how to write order of flats in TREBLE CLEF?
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straight starting on Bb, up 4, down 5
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how to write order of sharps in TENOR CLEF?
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start lower F#, go up five, down four, straight
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how to write order of flats in TENOR CLEF?
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start at middle Bb, up 4, down 5 straight
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four major periods of music history and three famous composers from each
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baroque--vivaldi/telemann/bach, classical--haydn/beethoven/mozart, romantic--schumann/schubert/chopin/tchaikovsky, and 20th century--stravinsky/rachmaninoff/shostakovich
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the four sections of a symphony orchestra
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strings, winds, brass, percussion
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four 20th/21st century concert performers that play cello, 2 for violin and viola
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cello--yo-yo ma/leonard rose/jacqueline du pre/hannah chang, violin--sarah chang/joshua bell, viola--joseph de pasquale/cynthia phelps
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