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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Drug that blocks tubuler secretion of B-lactam antibiotics and keeps them in the body much longer
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Probenecid
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Indicated for staph infections that are resistant to penicillin (B-lactamase producers)
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Nafcillin
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2nd generation penecillins (2)
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Amoxicillin and Ampicillin
*Oral bioavailability *Greater activity vs. gram (+) bacteria *NOT effective against P. aeruginosa |
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Which penicillin is used in combo with an aminoglycoside, is indicated for specific gram (-) bacteria, and has poor oral bioavailability?
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Ticarcillin
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Drug with widest spectrum of all the penicillins
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Piperacillin
*Used with aminoglycosides for endocarditis |
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Suicide molecules that bind and inhibit lactamase enzymes
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1) Clavulanic Acid
2) Sulbactam 3) Tazobactum *Will need a CaST after these hit you! *These bind to ampicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcillin and piperacillin to give lactamase resistance |
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Drug with a mechanism of action similar to Pens and have a broad spectrum for gram (+), (-) and anaerobes
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Imipenem
*Don't use with Pen-allergic patients |
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Used in place of penicillin for gram (+) bacteria
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Vancomycin
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B-lactam that is very good against gram (-) bacteria and very ineffective against gram (+) bacteria
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Aztreonam
*No cross reaction w/ penicillin allergic rxns |
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Cef used for surgical prophylaxis
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Cefazolin
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2nd generation Cef effective against Neisseria gonorrhea
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Cefoxitin
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DOC for resistant gonorrhea
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Ceftriaxone
*3rd generation Cef *also used for meningitis and pneumonia |
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3rd generation Cefs (3)
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Triaxone, Otaxime, Operazone
TOO Good CNS penetration |
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2nd generation fluoroquinolones
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Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Lomefloxacin
*COoL* *Wide distribution with LOW CNS levels **Interference by antacid formulations |
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Which class of drugs has interference by antacid formulations?
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Fluoroquinolones (2nd generation)
*Also Tetracylcine |
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Drug that inhibits CYP-450 drug metabolizing enzymes and may increase the t1/2 of other drugs
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Ciprofloxacin
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Which fluroquinolone is most active against pseudomonas
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Ciprofloxacin
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Which fluroquinolone is indicated in sexually transmitted diseases?
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Ofloxacin
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Which class of drugs has the following adverse effects: Photosensitivity and Nephrotoxicity
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Flurooquinolone
*Crystalluria in ALKALINE urine |
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Which class of bacteriostatic antiobiotics inhibit dihydropteroate synthase?
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Sulfonamides
*Used alone for uncomplicated UTIs *ACIDIC urine causes crystalline drug deposits (Crystalluria) |
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Which sullfonamides are used alone for UTI treatment?
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Sulfisoxazole and Sulfamethoxazole
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Drug used for local use, such as bowel lumen (ulcerative colitis)
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Sulfasalzine
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Sulfonamide used for topical use (opthalmic infections)
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Sulfacetamide
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Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
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Trimethoprim
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Drug of choice for Pneumocystis jiroveci
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Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
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Increases life-threatening toxic epidermal necrolysis w/ TMP/SMX
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Trimethoprim
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Which two antibiotics are chelated by di/trivalent ions?
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1) Fluroquinolones (2nd generation)
2) Tetracycline |
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Which tetracycline has activity against chlamydia trachomatis, anthrax, cholera, and Lyme disease?
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Doxycycline
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The most lipid soluble tetracycline (best into CNS)
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Minocylcine
*Effective in acne treatment due to increased penetration of the skin |
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Bacteriocidal class of antibiotics that bind irreversibly to the 30S ribosome
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Aminoglyosides
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Which aminoglycoside is the best at dealing with bacterial resistance?
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Amikacin
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Which two antibiotics are chelated by di/trivalent ions?
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1) Fluroquinolones (2nd generation)
2) Tetracycline |
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Which tetracycline has activity against chlamydia trachomatis, anthrax, cholera, and Lyme disease?
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Doxycycline
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The most lipid soluble tetracycline (best into CNS)
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Minocylcine
*Effective in acne treatment due to increased penetration of the skin |
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Bacteriocidal class of antibiotics that bind irreversibly to the 30S ribosome
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Aminoglyosides
*Once-daily dosing |
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Which aminoglycoside is the best at dealing with bacterial resistance?
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Amikacin (followed closely by netilmicin)
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Aminoglycoside used to treat TB?
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Streptomycin
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Most widely used systemic aminoglycoside
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Gentamicin
*less expensive; better than tobramycin when used w/ penicillin |
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Only use as an alternative treatment for gonorrhea in patients allergic to pens
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Spectinomycin
*Can be used during pregnancy* |
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Which bacteriostatic antibiotic binds 50S and inhibits protein synthesis?
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Macrolides
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Which macrolide has an increased gram negative spectrum and are used for H. Influenza and N. Gonorrhoeae?
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Azithromycin
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Which antibiotic is good for treating gram (-) C. trachomatis and Mycobacterium avium complex (AIDS)
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Clarithromycin
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Which two macrolide inhibit cytochrome P-450s?
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Erythromycin and Clarithromycin
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Which two antibiotics are used for vancomysin resistant bacteria?
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Quinupristine-Dalfopristine
Linezolid |
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Antibiotic responsible for "gray baby syndrome"
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Chloramphenicol
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