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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
COMMUNITY NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT |
practical method of obtaining an overview of the nutritional status of a given community |
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NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT |
process of collecting, processing, analyzing and interpreting information obtained from dietary, biochemical, clinical, anthropometric, community and/or related studies. |
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1. quantify magnitude / nature of nutritional problem & select priority areas & groups |
USES OF CNA |
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1. organize a multi-disciplinary assessment team 2. define objectives of situational analysis 3. formulate causal model of malnutrition / problem tree 4. identify data to be gathered & plan how these data will be analyzed 5. gather data 6. process, analyze & interpret data 7. validate causal model 8. present & use results |
STEPS IN CONDUCTING CNA
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1. What are the nutritional problems in the area? 2. What is the trend in the nutrition situation over the years? 3. Who are affected? 4. Where are they located? 5. How many are affected? 6. What factors cause or give rise to the nutrition situation? 7. What resources are available to address these problems? 8. What programs & projects have been implemented in the past years? |
GUIDE QUESTIONS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION SITUATION |
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PROBLEM TREE |
tool for situational analysis that represents the factors causing malnutrition |
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PROBLEM TREE |
a. tool traces the chain of factors that can affect nutrition situation b. provides a clearer picture of possibilities for nutrition & related interventions c. formulating the problem tree requires brainstorming among the BNC members |
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1. Geographical or other boundaries 2. Population w/n boundaries 3. Socio-economic status of population 4. Housing characteristics 5. Food marketing facilities 6. Health status indicators 7. Health resources 8. Community health care programs 9. Food and nutrition assistance program 10. Education programs 11. Nutrition education programs 12. Nutrition training programs 13. Other pertinent data |
WHAT DATA TO COLLECT? |
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GEOGRAPHY & ENVIRONMENT |
boundary, climate, typhoon occurrence, soil type, agricultural production, transportation, public institutions, sports facilities |
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DEMOGRAPHIC |
population size, distribution, composition, structure, growth, average HH size |
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC |
major source of livelihood, income, occupation, land ownership, food & other expenditures, food and cash crop production, clothes, vehicles |
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HOUSING |
type and construction, number of rooms, crowding, kitchen facilities, food storage, appliances & furniture, sanitation |
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SOCIO-LIVING SCALE |
home type, house & lot ownership, number of household appliances, cooking facilities, food storage facilities, source of water, lighting fixture, toilet facilities |
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FOOD SUPPLY |
1. available foods 2. patterns of consumption / purchase 3. local market assessment 4. food costs 5. utilization of crops 6. farming methods 7. livestock & fishing |
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EDUCATION |
public & private schools, children at school, literacy, presence of books & newspapers |
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HEALTH STATISTICS RESOURCES: |
birth & crude birth rates, number of home deliveries, illegitimate births, low birth weights, birth to mothers under 18, all causes of death. m&m due to chd/hpt/dbt/alc |
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LOCAL HEALTH RESOURCES (1) |
nutrition resources (NDs, MNAO, BNS, trainings, coordinating councils, MNC), hospitals, bed capacities, available physicians/dentists/nurses/midwives) |
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LOCAL HEALTH RESOURCES (2) |
maternity clinics, neighborhood pharmacies, faith & spiritual healers, dental care |
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COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS |
pre-natal & post-natal, Mag-HL Tayo, Garantisadong Pambata, child feeding, Universal Salt Iodization Campaign |
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SCHOOL NUTRITION PROGRAMS |
school cafeteria, nutrition curriculum, school health programs, school lunch programs |
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SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMS |
no. of population receiving public assistance, eligibility standards, senior citizen program, children's services |
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CULTURAL FACTORS |
differences in lifestyle, food preferences / eating habits, dietary patterns, evaluation of marketplace and shopping patterns, cultural traditions, goals |
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COMMUNITY POLITICAL ORGANIZATION |
community power structure, concern for nutri problems, educational programs for govt and community, locally available resources |
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a. observant b. conversant c. very good listener d. good recorder e. analyst |
BASIC QUALITIES OF THOSE WHO SHALL GATHER DATA / INFO FOR CNA |
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DATA COLLECTION: PRIMARY DATA |
type of data that includes a. sample surveys b. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) c. Key Informant Surveys (KI) d. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) |
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SURVEYS |
- needs sampling methodologies to generate representative samples - expensive - considers many respondents - more accurate, less biases - can be subjected to rigorous statistical analysis - limited depth of data - structures interviews |
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FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) |
- limited respondents - focused topic - more depth in data - less expensive - less accurate data - qualitative data analysis - structured questions but more flexible than sample survey |
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KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW (KI) |
- few case respondents, only key persons - less expensive than FGD - very in-depth data - person to person interview - guide questions instead of structured questionnaire - qualitative data - flexible - longer administration - need for skilled interviewers - high element of bias - amenable to qualitative data analysis |
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PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA) |
- usually used when selecting a study site - view primary data collection from the community perspective - generate community data on biophysical and socio-economic characteristics - uses the transect methods in describing the area - multidisciplinary team needed - can also use any of the above methods for data collection - very qualitative and descriptive analysis |
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DATA ANALYSIS |
- classifying, coding, tabulating info needed - quantitative or qualitative - gives meaning to data collected by applying statistical tools |
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1. Prevalence, rates, averages, proportions 2. Trends 3. Comparison with known standards 4. Rank and set cut-offs 5. Mapping 6. Cross-tabulations 7. Use of statistical treatments |
Components of Data Analysis |