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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A folate deficiency can be characterized by: |
Megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia |
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Anemia |
Blood with an insufficient concentration of hemoglobin |
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Macrocytic Anemia |
From the greek word meaning "large cell" Red blood cells are larger than their normal volume. B12, folate deficiency |
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Megaloblastic anemia |
An anemia of macrocytic classification that results from the inhibition of DNA synthesis during red blood cell production. |
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Microcytic Anemia |
Defined as the presence of small, often hypochromic, red blood cells in the peripheral blood smear and is usually characterized by a low MCV. Iron deficiency is the most common cause. |
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How much folate is recommended for adults to consume daily? |
400 ug (DFE) |
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How much folate is recommended for pregnant women to consume daily? |
600 ug (DFE) |
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Where is intrinsic factor made? |
The stomach |
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Bleeding gums, skin irritations, bruising, and poor wound healing are signs and symptoms of a condition called: |
Scurvy |
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What nutrient can be produced in the body from the amino acids methionine and lysine? |
Carnitine |
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What happens to retinal in the enterocyte? |
It is esterified |
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Dietary cholecalciferol must be further hydroxylated in order to be active vitamin D. The first hyfroxylation occurs in the ____ to produce _____________. |
liver, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol |
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Immediately following a balanced meal containing vitamin E, where would you most likely find most of the vitamin E in the body? |
In the chylomicrons in the lymphatic vessels and general circulation |
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Which fat soluble vitamin is consumed in the form of phylloquinone from plant foods? |
Vitamin K |
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Anticoagulant drugs that act by inhibiting vitamin K activity do so by which mechanism? |
Inhibiting the formation of the active form of vitamin K |
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What tissues do both parathyroid hormone and vitamin D act on to increase calcium re-absorption? |
Kidneys |
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What happens when blood calcium is high? |
The thyroid gland releases a hormone called calcitonin |
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What level of sodium intake should be the maximum for the general population? |
2300 mg/day |
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What is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluids? |
Potassium |
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Low salt foods must have: |
Less than 140 mg of sodium per serving |
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Healthy adults should consume ____ % of their energy from lipids |
20-35% |
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Healthy adults should consume ____ % of their energy from carbohydrates
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45-65% |
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Healthy adults should consume ____ % of their energy from protein
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15% |
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Carbohydrates provide how many calories per gram? |
4 kcal per gram |
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Proteins provide how many calories per gram? |
4 kcal per gram |
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Fats provide how many calories per gram? |
9 kcal per gram |
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Alcohol provides how many calories per gram? |
7 kcal per gram |
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S-adenosylmethionine supplementation has been reported to be useful for the following: |
Arthritis, depression |
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Saccharomyces boulardii is used therapeutically for |
Diarrhea |
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Genistein is a type of what? |
Phytoestrogen |
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Essential fatty acids that are required from the diet are? |
Linoleic and alpha- linoleic acid |
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What type of malnutrition is characterized by a 'skin and bones-like' appearance without the presence of edema? |
marasmus |
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Ascites |
The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling |
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Kwashiorkor |
A form of severe protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, irritability, anorexia, ulcerating dermatoses, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. |
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Glycemic index |
Measures how a carbohydrate containing food raises blood glucose |
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Glycemic load |
Accounts for the amount of carbohydrates in a typical serving. |
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White spots on the nails may be a sign of what deficiency? |
Zinc |
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What are possible symptoms of a fatty acid deficiency? |
small bumps on the back of arms, dry/lack luster hair, dry skin |
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Bleeding gums may be a sign of: |
Vitamin C deficiency |
