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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
White Matter |
White matter is the axons and glial cells, these are myelinated which is what causes them to look white and fatty. Pushed to the inside of the brain to connect everything |
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Gray Matter |
All of the cell bodies in the brain. Pushed to the outside of the brain in order to create the cortex |
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Meninges |
The shell of the brain. Composed of layers: Dura Matter (hard), Arachoid, Sub-arachnoid (composed of only CSF and Ions), Pia Matter, and the Cortex |
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CSF |
Cerebral Spinal Fluid -- Full of ions to help with action potentials |
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What slice of the brain is this? |
This is a coronal slice of the brain |
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What slice of the brain is this? |
This is an Axial slice of the brain |
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What slice of the brain is this? |
This is a Saggital slice of the brain |
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What is the top of the brain called? |
Dorsal or Superior |
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What is the back of the brain called |
Caudal or Posterior |
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What is the front of the brain called? |
Rostral or Anterior |
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What is the bottom of the brain called? |
Ventral or Inferior |
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What does the Medulla do? |
The Medulla is in charge of respiration and heart rate. It connects with the sensory and motor cortices and contains pyramidal decussation which is where axons from the Left and right side of the brain cross to control that opposite side of the body |
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What does Pons do? |
Pons is in charge of Arousal and REM sleep It's the halfway point between the cerebellum and parts of the brain that tell your body what to do. |
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REM |
Rapid Eye Movement REM resembles your conscious state The state of sleep in which you dream most |
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Cerebellum |
Contains the most neurons in any part of the brain controls coordination also important for vision doesn't initiate movement like the motor cortex, but rather makes the movements more precise |
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Midbrain |
An alert system Superior Colliculus: vision Inferior Colliculus: auditory |
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Thalamus |
"Grand central station of the brain" All sensory info except smell goes through it Lateral Geniculate: Info directly from eyes Medial Geniculate: Info directly from ears --Doesn't just relay info but also transforms it-- |
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Hypothalamus |
Link between CNS and the endocrine system Circadian Rhythms Releases hormones into the bloodstream Works closely with the pituitary gland |
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Limbic System |
The part of the brain containing the Hippocampus, the Amygdala, and the Basal Ganglia And bit of an oversimplification of this part of the brain |
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Hippocampus |
Important in creating long term memories connects to the parietal and occipital lobes in order to create visual memories |
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Amygdala |
Important for fight, flight, food, and fornication Emotional responses, arousal, hunger Very primitive part of the brain |
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Basal Ganglia |
In charge of lots of sensory motor actions in the body has lots of dopamine receptors People with Parkinson's Disease often have a lack of dopamine leading to their basal ganglia to not function well which hurts their fine motor skills |
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Cortex |
A very thin sheet of matter on the brain, crumpled in order to increase surface area and make communication between cells easier (like wormholes... folding to make two points closer) 6 Layers: layer 1: lots of axons and cell bodies layer 4: input from thalamus layer 5: output to thalamus layer 6: first layer to develop (Meaning they are better at making long range connections, babies are making big broad connections of the world around them) layers 1,2,3: develops last (short range connections... more refined thinking that develops when you're older) |
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Occipital Lobe |
Mainly in charge of sight |
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Parietal lobe |
Interprets and sorts info from the senses |
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Motor cortex |
In charge of motor function |
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Somatosensory Cortex |
In charge of sensory processing such as touch |
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Pre frontal cortex |
Personality, decision making, speaking, planning, comprehending |
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Temporal Lobe |
Sensory input, language processing, visual memory |
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Perception vs Processing |
Perception: the experience Processing: info going in and out (indiv. neurons firing) Perceiving is experiencing the info that is being processed |
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FMRI |
Cons: bad at telling you when Pros: Good at telling you where, safer than PET Detection of blood oxygenation to produce a map of the brain that shows function Using a powerful magnetic field, nuclei in the cell are aligned allowing for a measurement of blood oxygenation in cells of the brain Cells that are being used more require more oxygen Correlational |
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ECOG |
Pros: good at telling you when Cons: Not great at telling you where, difficult to perform because it requires putting electrodes directly on someones brain Correlational |
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TMS |
Transcranial magnetic stimulation Allows you to stimulate one area of the brain at a time by putting a tapper on the persons skull and sending magnetic pulses to that part of the brain, hindering function Safe and accurate Causational |
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Right OFA |
The part of the brain that is essential for recognition of parts of a face |
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Single Unit Recording |
Pro: Good at telling when and where Con: measures the action potential of one cell, fairly small scale. Used in research in the amygdala and emotional responses to happy and angry faces It is shown that one specific cell increases firing when a happy face is shown and a different single cell increases firing when an angry face is shown Correlational |
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Induced Lesions |
Pros: Very good at telling where something happens Cons: Very enethical Scientists purposely kill parts of a subjects brain to determine function by seeing how it changes behavior Cannot be done on people These induced lesions of thee amygdala caused monkeys to have a reduced fear of a snake CAUSATIONAL |
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Lesions |
Finding people who are missing certain parts of their brain and seeing how their behavior differs from a full brained person CAUSATIONAL |
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EEG |
Pros: Good at telling you when Cons: Bad at telling you where something happens Listens to many cells and measures the dipoles of those cells Allowed us to separate the processing and perception of a face Perpendicular neurons |
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MEG |
measures magnetic activity of neurons Parallel neurons Very precise at telling when not good at telling where |