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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is cognitive psychology? |
Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember, and learn. |
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What was the aim of Loftus and Palmer's (L&P's) sutdy? |
To investigate the effect of questioning on an eye witness of a car accident. To test whether the phrasing of a question could affect the eye witnesses memory. |
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What participants were used in Experiment 1? |
45 students from the University of Washington |
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What was the design in Experiment 1? |
A laboratory experiment |
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What happened in Experiment 1? |
Participants were shown 7 film clips of car accidents then asked to estimate the speed the car was travelling at. |
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What were the IV and DV of this experiment? |
IV- The verb used in the critical question DV- Mean estimated speed of car |
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What type of data was produced in Experiment 1? |
Quantitative data. [the speed estimates] |
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What conclusions were made from Experiment 1 about the verb used in the critical question? |
1. There was a Response Bias. This meant that the participant would guess the speed based on the verb used in the critical q 2. Memory Distortion. The verb used actually altered the ppts memory about the crash |
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What was the aim of Experiment 2? |
To see if the speed estimates were actually due to memory distortion. |
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What did L&P do to find out if the speed estimates were due to memory distortion? |
The participants were asked if they had seen broken glass in the crash after being asked the critical question with a different verb again. |
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What participants were used in Experiment 2? |
150 students |
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What was the design used in experiment 2? |
It was a laboratory experiment. |
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What was the procedure in Experiment 2? |
Ppts was a film of a car crash. Given a questionnaire then asked a series of short answer questions including the critical question with a changing verb [smashed, hit or no verb]. A week later ppts were asked another 10 questions and asked if they say broken glass. |
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What were the results from Experiment 2? |
More people remembered 'seeing' glass in the car accident if the verb smashed was used compared to those who got the verb hit or no verb at all |
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What conclusions were made from Experiment 2? |
The way things are worded can affect the way in which certain events are remembered. Experiment 2 proves that not only response bias will affect the memory but how questions are worded can distort the memory. |
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GRANT ET AL'S STUDY INTO CONTEXT DEPENDENT MEMORY |
GRANT ET AL'S STUDY INTO CONTEXT DEPENDENT MEMORY |
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What was the aim of Grant's study? |
To see how the effect of noise during studying and taking a text can effect the context dependent memory.
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What participants did Grant use for this study?
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39 ppts between the ages of 17 and 56 (17f and 23m). [1 ppt asked for results not to be included]
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How were the participants recruited?
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Through opportunity sampling. [8 psychology recruited 5 ppts each] |
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What experimental design was used? |
Independent Measures Design |
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What were the 4 conditions used in the experiment? |
Silent Revision Noisy Revision Silent Test Noisy Test |
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What happened in the experiment? |
Participants all had headphones on and had to read an article. Then all participants had a 2 minute break, then they all participated in 2 tests. The first 10 short answer questions and then 16 multiple choice questions. |
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What results were made from Grant's experiment? |
Ppts who had the same 2 conditions for revision and testing [e.g silent and silent or noisy and noisy] performed better than participants who had mismatching conditions [e.g noisy and silet or silent and noisy] |
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What conclusions were made from the study? |
1. There was no independent effect of noise on performance.
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