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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cognition |
the mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, and so on that are what the mind does |
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Classical conditioning |
a procedure in which pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response causes the neutral stimulus to elicit that response |
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Operant conditioning |
type of conditioning championed by B.F. Skinner, which focuses on how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers such as food or social approval, or withdrawal of negative reinforcers, such as a shock or social rejections |
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Cognitive map |
mental conception of a spatial layout |
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Cognitive psychology |
the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind and mental processes such as attention, memory, and language |
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Reaction time |
How long it takes to react to presentation of a stimulus |
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Simple reaction time |
reacting to the presence or absence of a single stimulus as opposed to choosing between a number of stimuli |
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Broca's area |
an area in the frontal lobe associated with the production of language. damage to this area causes broca's aphasia |
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Wernicke's area |
area in the temporal lobe associated with understanding language. damage to this area causes wernicke's aphasia |
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Double dissociation |
a situation in which a single dissociation can be demonstrated in one person and the opposite type of dissociation can be demonstrated in another person |
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Distributed representation |
a concept central to connectionism; system of information processing where separate components carry the units of knowledge |
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Cognitive neuroscience |
field involved in studying the neural basis of cognition |
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Axon |
part of the neuron that transmits signals from the cell body to the synapse at the end of the axon |
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Neuron |
cell that is specialized to receive and transmit information in the nervous system |
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Neuron doctrine |
the idea that individual cells called neurons transmit signals in the nervous system and that these cells are not continuous with other cells as proposed by nerve net theory |
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Four contemporary megatrends influencing our thinking |
1.) Globalization 2.) Biological revolution 3.) Digital revolution 4.) Lifelong learning |
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Disciplined mind |
the mind that has mastered a way of thinking about a specific scholarly discipline, craft, or profession and strives to renew and refine this mastery |
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Synthesizing mind |
mind that takes information from disparate sources, understands and evaluates that information and pulls the peices together in a way that is meaningful to the synthesizer |
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Creating mind |
mind that puts forward new ideas, poses unfamiliar questions, suggests fresh ways of thinking, and generates unexpected answers |
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Resting potential |
imbalance of electrical charge which is present between the interior of an electrically excitable nerve cell and its surrounding cells |
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Action potential |
electrical potential that travels down a neurons axon |
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Principle of neural representation |
states that everything a person experiences is based not on direct contact with stimuli, but on representation in the person's nervous system |
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Population coding |
a method to represent stimuli by using the joint activities of a number of neurons |
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Sparse coding |
the representaion of items by the strong activation of a relatively small set of neurons |
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Localization of function |
location of specific functions in specific areas of the brain |