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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What age range of speech sound development includes the following:
-Reflexive distress/vegetative sounds -No alveolar ridge -Flat palatal arch -Movements of tongue tip not fully developed -No teeth -Little resonation |
Birth to 1 month
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When do cries become differentiated?
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1 to 2 months
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What age range of speech sound development includes the following:
-Many neutral sounds -Purposeful pleasure sounds -Gooing (back vowels) -Voluntary control of back tongue |
2 to 5 months
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What age range of speech sound development includes the following:
-Neuromuscular control of tongue continues back to front -Babbling (consonant and vowel combinations) -All vowels (except /r/ and /l/) -Reduplicated babbling |
5 to 9 months
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What age range of speech sound development includes the following:
-Jargon - intonational patterns -First true word - articulation |
9 to 18 months
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Which speech sounds develop by 24 months?
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t, k, g, p, b, m, h, n and all vowels (except /l/ and /r/)
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Which speech sounds develop by 28 months?
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s, d, f, ng, and y
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Which speech sounds develop by 36 months?
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w, l, sh, r, /r/ vowels
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Which speech sounds develop by 48 months?
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ch, v, j, /l/ blends, /s/ blends, th, z
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What percentage of children produce the sounds indicated in the speech sound development?
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75%
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In speech sound development, there is some variability up to age ____.
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six
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What phonological processes usually disappear by the age of 3?
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final consonant deletion (do/dog)
unstressed syllable deletion (nana/banana) assimilation (lellow/yellow) fronting (dame/game) |
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Which phonological process usually disappears by the age of 4?
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cluster reduction (tove/stove)
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Which phonological process usually disappears by the age of 5?
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stopping (teep/sheep)
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What are the four speech processes?
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respiration
phonation resonation articulation |
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Speech perception cannot be separated from the __________/___________ of sounds but it cannot _______ anything until we __________ it.
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meaning/understanding
mean perceive |
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What do the physical constraints of speech perception consist of?
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type/degree of hearing loss
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What do the linguistic constraints of speech perception consist of?
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phonemic vs. phonologic components
redundancy of language |
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The effects of hearing loss on respiration depends on what?
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degree and onset of HL
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Respiration for speech is normal for who?
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those with mild to moderate hearing loss
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Respiration pattern becomes affected for who?
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those with severe to profound hearing loss
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HL can affect suprasegmentals, which are what?
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intonation
prosody rhythm of speech |
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With hearing loss, rate becomes _____, there are ___________ ____________ and __________ speech.
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slow
abnormal pauses monotone |
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Why does fluency become affected with hearing loss?
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only as a result of the disruption of the respiratory system
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What three things play a part in voice quality?
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respiration
phonation resonation |
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When is voice quality normal?
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mild to moderate hearing loss
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When is voice quality affected?
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severe to profound hearing loss
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In severe to profound hearing loss, _____________ ___________ is higher than normal, and voice may be _________, ________ with resonance created mostly in the _______ and not in _____/_______ areas.
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fundamental frequency
breathy tense back oral/nasal |
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The articulation effects of mild-moderate hearing loss:
-misarticulation of __________ ________ -_________ usually normal (may be ___________) -__________ may be omitted or __________ (__________/affricates, _________) -low _________, short _________, high _________, ___________ problems |
single consonants
vowels, distorted consonants, distorted, fricatives, blends intensity, duration, frequency, consonant |
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Respiratory affects of sever/profound HL:
=____________ =few ________ per ____________ -often speak on _________ ___ |
suprasegmentals
words, exhalation residual air |
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What type of hearing loss affects fundamental frequency and overall quality (resonance/voice)?
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severe/profound
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With severe/profound hearing loss, how are vowels produced?
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they are neutralized or produced as a diphthong (assimilation/coarticulation)
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With severe/profound hearing loss, how are consonants produced?
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they are distorted/omitted, difficulty with voiced/unvoiced cognates
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What is one of the problems with research studies?
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hearing impaired individuals grouped with deaf students
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We only study those individuals with what level of hearing loss?
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PTA 45db
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What are the aspects of receptive language?
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verbal
non-verbal |
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What are the aspects of expressive language?
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syntax
morphology semantics pragmatics |
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What age range has the following receptive language skills?
-understand simple directions -responds to simple wh-questions -comprehends approximately 300 words |
1-2 years
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What age range has the following receptive language skills?
-demonstrates understanding of verbs/actions -identifies objects by use -understands size differences |
2-2.5 years
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What age range has the following receptive language skills?
-comprehension of 800 words -can execute simple two step commands -demonstrates understanding of common adjectives |
2.5-3 years
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What age range has the following receptive language skills?
-beginning to learn through listening -understands up to 1500 words -comprehends simple and complex sentences -appreciates social meaning of oral communication |
3-4 years
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What age range has the following receptive language skills?
-carries out complex directions with two to three actions -understands dependent clauses (if, because, when, why) |
4-5 years
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When do the first 50 words come?
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11-15 months
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What percentage of the first words are nouns?
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40%
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School aged children have increased __________ and ___________ of __________.
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development
sophistication vocabulary |
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School aged children understand __________ language and ___-________ meanings of words/phrases (_____________)
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formative
non-linguistic metalinguistics |
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What increases understanding of meanings for school aged children?
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social experience
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In metalinguistic semantics, language is seen as a ______________ object, develops between __-__ years of age and relates to ___________ ability.
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decontextualized
5,8 reading |
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Metalinguistic semantics is recognizing that language is an ___________ ______ with _________ __________, and that it can be ____________.
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arbitrary code
multiple meanings manipulated |
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List five metacognitive capabilities.
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sorting
listening organizing self examination/monitoring review and repair |
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List five types of figurative language.
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idioms
similes proverbs metaphors riddles/humor |
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Hearing loss problems with semantics:
-overall reduced ___________ -reduced ________ -overuse of ______ and _____ -omission of ________ words -reduction in other ________ _________ -_________ words typically used -slang, ___________, __________, multiple meaning words are _________ |
vocabulary
concepts nouns/verbs function word classes concrete idioms, homonyms, difficult |
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List one word level pragmatics.
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requesting objects
requesting actions commenting greeting protesting answering/replying labeling naming expressing feelings |
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School aged children (pragmatically) can:
_____ and _____ attention in a socially ________ manner. Use _________ when appropriate as ________ for assistance or info. Express __________ or __________ and anger appropriately. _________ and _______ peers. ___________ with peers in _________ and __________. Express _______ in self and accomplishments. ______ play. |
gain, hold, appropriate
others, resources affection, hostility direct follow compete, storytelling, boasting pride role |
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Pragmatically, those with hearing loss have the following problems:
-___________ of __________ is difficult -Use of _________ ________ is poor. -Difficulties in ____________, ________-__________, and _____________ of conversations |
initiation, conversation
social phrases sustaining, turn-taking, repairing |
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School age syntax:
-Add new _____________ and _______ structure -__________ and ________ existing forms -Express increasingly more ________ _____________ -Use language more ___________ |
morphology, syntax
expand, refine complex relationships creatively |
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Those with hearing loss have the following problems in syntax:
-______ errors -Errors in ________-_____ agreement -____________ errors -Overuse of _________ sentences, ___________ sentences -Use of a __________ ________/_______-form sentences -___________ sentence length and __________ -improper ___________ of words |
tense
subject-verb possessive simple, declarative carrier phrase, fixed shorter, complexity sequencing |
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Reading skills of HI kids are generally delayed due to problems in _________________ skills.
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metaphonological
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List six examples of metaphonological skills.
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rhyming
segmentation onset/alliteration blending manipulation grapheme/phoneme correspondance |
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Why are HI children read to less?
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Because they offer less verbal responses
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Hearing children write __________ sentences at a _________ age.
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longer
younger |
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Problems exhibited in ________ language are _____ __________ in ________ language.
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verbal
also present written |
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What level of hearing loss shows slight difficulty with faint speech sounds and discrimination of sound combinations?
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26-40 (mild)
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What level of hearing loss may demonstrate limited vocabulary and some speech anomalies? May also miss a significant percentage of class discussions.
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41-55 (moderate)
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What level of hearing loss only hears/understands loud conversations, difficulties with phone conversations and classroom discussions. Limited vocab and defensive speech are likely. 3-5 ft optimal.
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56-70 (moderate/severe)
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What level of hearing may identify, discriminate vowels and environmental sounds but not all consonants? Also possible speech deterioration without therapy? 1 ft optimal.
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71-90 (severe)
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What level of hearing loss is more aware of vibrations than tonal patterns. Speech and language of very poor quality and likely to deteriorate (without therapy). Will likely use total communication (oral and manual).
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90+ (profound)
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A 30 db hearing loss leads to an average of ___ yr. academic delay.
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1
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A 40 db hearing loss leads to an average of ___ yr. academic delay?
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2
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A 50 db hearing loss leads to an average of ___ yr. academic delay?
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3
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What is the average achievement for moderate/severe hearing impaired people as a group?
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3rd-4th grade level
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