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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fallacy claim
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asserts that an argument must be rejected because it violates a significant rule of argumentation relevant to the appropriate decision makers.
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incorrect logic
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fallacies are thought of as identifying this
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sophistry
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the use of plausible but fallacious reasoning
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tu quoque
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responding to a charge by making a counter charge
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begging the question
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to assume as true that which you are trying to prove; circular reasoning
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authority
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to assume a fact just because someone with high credibility says it so
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popularity
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claiming something is good because it is popular
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post hoc
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assuming a causal relation among events because they are related in time or space
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ad hominem
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criticizing a person rather than a person's ideas. ex) judging all Muslims because of terrorist attacks
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verbal aggression
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attacking the self-concept of another person; a type of ad hominem fallacy
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appeal to pity
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conveying extensive emotion in argument; fallacious depending on the context
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pragma-dialectical
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combination of normative rules with a pragmatic study of speech acts; aka a combination of a philosophical ideal of reasonableness with what people actually say in conversation
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deception
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when people purposely commit a fallacy; not likely to be forgiven
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refusal to reason
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to make a claim but refuse to give reasons for it. ex) a mom saying "because i told you so"
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cooperation
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argumentation occurs within a presumption of this; utterances made in argument should be topically relevant, expressed clearly, believed to be true, etc.
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irrelevant
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statements that are this can damage the critical process
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obfuscation
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an intent to make communication unclear in order to secure adherence from those who trust in the commitment to clarity
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quantity maxim
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saying more or less than would otherwise be appropriate
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conflict of interest
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withholding of relevant information
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reckless disregard
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making claims without verifying the truth
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