Comptia A+ Chapter 3

Charles Babbage

Electronic device that can perform calculations.

Apple Mac, Apple iPad, smartphone, portable computer, personal computer

Apple iPod, pocket calculator, digital watch, digital clock, Wi-Fi picture frame, basic mobile phone, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, GPS, TiVo, point-of-sale system, digital camera, camcorder

Modern refrigerators, every automobile built since 1995, airplanes, boats, Mall Lighting systems, zamboni's, Home Security Alarms

Hardware, operating system, applications

The physical stuff that you can touch or hold in your hand.

The code that controls the hardware and enables you to tell the computer what to do.

Input, processing, output

1. Power up. Computers run on electricity.

2. Processing Parts prepare for action.

3. You provide input.

4. Processing Parts process your command.

5. Processing parts and output information to your output devices.

6. Output devices show you the results.

7. Repeat steps three through six until you're satisfied with the outcome.

8. Save your work.

9. Power down the computer.

Totalsem.com/90x

1. The OS communicates with the hardware of the PC or device.

2. The operating system creates a user interface.

3. the operating system allows the user to run, use and shut down the programs on the computer

4. The OS enables users to add to move and delete the installed programs and data

5. The OS provides a method to security system from all sorts of threats such as data loss or improper access.

Desktop.

Internet Explorer

Windows Explorer

Aero or Aero glass

Click on the start button.

Launch a program with a single left-click.

Running programs.

Programs running in the background. Also called a system tray.

Left-clicking selects an item. Double left-clicking opens an item. Right-clicking open the context menu from which you can select various options.

Sidebar to house the gadgets. The sidebar is enabled by default in Windows Vista.

Because of the inherent security flaws. Later versions of the OS do not have either feature.

By pressing the windows logo key on a standard keyboard.

1. Easy access to a close button for apps

2. The start button

3. The ability to boot directly to the desktop.

Selecting the arrow at the bottom left brings up the apps pane where you can sort and select apps and utilities. Right click on an icon to pin it to the start screen.

There was no visible start button on the desktop (except in the charms bar). Microsoft added it to the desktop and later patches.

The start button magically appears.

The charms bar will appear. Charms include a robust Search tool that enables a search of the computer or the internet and a share charm for sharing photos, email messages, and more.

The final version of Windows 8.1 uses the desktop rather than the start screen as the default interface. You can still access the charms using the cursor in the upper and lower right corners of the screen.

1. They brought back the start menu

2. They removed the charms bar

3. They Incorporated essential tools such as search into the desktop in the lower left corner of the taskbar.

Windows 10 brings up the start menu with useful tools in your most-used apps on the left and pinned apps on the right.

It opens a list of installed applications.

Open a list of installed applications and right click on the app.

Using the windows and left or right arrow keys.

Create and manage multiple desktops for grouping your open applications.

The desktop.

The dock.

With a right click.

No, it also shows running applications like the taskbar in Windows.

It brings up a utility called mission control that enables you to switch between open applications, windows, and more. You can also access Mission Control by pressing and holding the control / Ctrl key and pressing the up Arrow key.

The F3 key

Press and hold the Ctrl key and press the right arrow and left arrow keys to scroll through spaces.

This feature is only available in Windows 10.

Unity

Frequently used utilities and applications are locked on the launcher on the left side of the screen.

Offers powerful system / Network / internet searching.

Enables you to access files and folders.

Go to ubuntu.com and type tour in the search option

Almost every OS stores files and folders in a tree pattern. The root of the tree is the driver the disc, followed by a folder, subfolder, Sub sub folder, and so on, until you get to the desired file.

In the root directory.

Windows Vista / 7 uses Windows Explorer and Windows 8 / 8.1 / 10 uses File Explorer

Into a subfolder of the program files folder. C:\program files

The 64-bit editions of Windows create two directory structures for program files. The 64-bit applications go into the C:\program files folder, whereas the 32-bit applications go into the C:\program files (x86) folder.

Modern versions of Windows use subfolders of the C:\Users folder to organize files for each user on a PC.

Desktop,

documents,

downloads,

music,

pictures, and

videos

This folder stores the files on the users desktop. If you delete this folder, you delete all the files placed on the desktop.

This is the documents or my documents folder for that user. Only Windows 7 uses my documents. The others use documents.

Application files downloaded from the internet.

This is the default location for downloaded music.

Pictures is the default location for images imported into the PC, although the pictures Library can and does draw from many folder locations.

Videos of the default location for movies and home-brewed videos imported into a PC.

Finder. Finder has the same look feel in general document structure is Windows Explorer.

Linux uses the home folder rather than the users folder.

The control panel, system tools, and the command line interface. You can get to each launch point in multiple ways.

The control panel handles most of the maintenance, upgrade, and configuration aspects of Windows. As such if the first set of tools for every technician to explore.

Click on the start button and choose control panel from the start menu.

Category, which displays the icons and groups like hardware and sound.

Classic view.

In Windows Vista, choose classic view. In Windows 7, select either large icons or small icons from the "View by" drop down list for a similar effect.

They enable you to control specific aspects of Windows, such as appearance, installed applications, and system settings.

Commonly accessed tools such as system information and disk defragmenter.

Start,

all programs,

accessories,

system tools.

It enables you to copy any Unicode character into the clipboard and paste it into your document. Unicode has all the special symbols and alphabet characters used in languages throughout the world.

Click on the start button,

type CMD in the search text box,

press the enter key.

This command displays all the files and folders in a specific directory And gives dates, times, folder names, and other information about each file and folder.

Control panel, administrative tools, and the command line interface

1) Tap the down arrow on the lower right of the start screen and scroll all the way to the right in the list of apps. In the windows system category, click on control panel. (Start, Windows System, Control Panel).

2) Start typing control panel in the search field in the apps list. Control panel will quickly appear is the best option to select.

3) right click on the start button and select control panel from the menu. You can bring up the same menu by pressing WINDOWS KEY-X.

Administrative tools enables you to set up hard drives, manage devices, test system performance, and much more.

1) Click the down arrow in the start screen to open the apps list. Scroll a little to the right and you'll see the list of administrative tools. Select the specific tool you want to open.

2) begin typing "administrative tools" in the start screen and administrative tools will quickly appear as an option in the search charm. Select it to open.

3) right click on the start button or press WINDOWS KEY-X and select control panel from the context menu. In the control panel, select administrative tools to open.

1) tap the down arrow on the lower right of the start screen and scroll all the way to the right in the list of apps in the windows system category, click on command prompt to open the utility.

2) start typing "command prompt" in the search field in the apps list. Command prompt will quickly appear as the best option to select

3) right click on the start menu or press the WINDOWS KEY- X and select command prompt from the context menu to open the command line interface

4) in the start screen start typing CMD or command prompt in command prompt will appear in the search charm. Click on it to open it.

Right click on the start button to open the tech Essentials menu and select control panel. Alternatively, you can click on the start button to open the Metro / modern UI interface, start typing control panel, and select control panel from the search results.

The same way you did in Windows 8.

Press the Windows key to access the start menu. Select settings from the lower left open the tool.

The system preferences app and the utilities folder.

Click on the apple and the top left corner of the screen, select system preferences, from system preferences you have access to almost all settings you need to administer a Mac OS 10 system.

1) Click go on the menu bar and select go, utilities.

2) use the hot key combination "command-shift-U".

CTRL-ALT-T

Click on the gear icon on the far right of the menu bar and select system settings.

Click on the Ubuntu button at the top of the launcher. From here you can search or browse for Handy applications such as the system monitor or the always critical terminal.

Gnome 3

Gnome

All settings.

Click on the down arrow icon on the far right of the menu bar and select the wrench and screwdriver icon.

Click on the activities button on the far left of the menu bar. From here you can search for the utility from the box at the top, or select the show applications grid icon from the bottom of the dash on the left side of the screen. This will open a menu showing all installed applications, and within this list is a folder for utilities.

Everything you need to work on the system is accessible from the kick-off menu on the far left of the panel. The kickoff menu looks and works a lot like the start menu in Windows 7.