Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anxiety
|
state of apprehension & autonomic nervous system stimulation
results from exposure to unidentified threat |
|
anxiolytics
|
drugs that relieve anxiety
|
|
barbiturates
|
class of drugs used to treat anxiety & insomnia
|
|
depressants
|
drugs that lower neuronal activity w/i the CNS
|
|
electroencephalogram (EEG)
|
dx test that records brainwaves through electrodes attached to scalp
|
|
hypnotic
|
drug that causes sleep
|
|
insomnia
|
inability to fall asleep/stay asleep
|
|
limbic system
|
area in brain responsible for
emotion learning memory motivation mood L earning I nitiative (motivation) M emory B alanced... I nternally (mood) C aring (emotion) |
|
non-REM sleep
|
characterized by little/no movement of eyes
|
|
rebound insomnia
|
increased sleeplessness
occurs when long-term anti-anxiety or hypnotic medication is d/c |
|
REM sleep
|
characterized by quick, scanning movements of eyes
|
|
reticular formation
|
network of neurons along entire length of brain stem
connected w/reticular activating system |
|
reticular activating system (RAS)
|
brain structure that projects from brainstem & thalamus to cerebral cortex
responsible for sleeping & wakefulness performs an alerting function ('activating' system responsible for 'alerting') |
|
sedatives
|
drugs that relax or calm the client
|
|
sedative-hypnotic
|
drug that, when given in lower doses, produces a calming effect and, when given in higher doses, produces sleep
|
|
sleep debt
|
sleep deficit possibly accompanied by negative effects:
impaired judgment depression slowed reaction time |
|
tranquilizer
|
drug that produces a calm/tranquil feeling
|
|
Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and non-barbiturates are classified as CNS depressants.
TRUE or FALSE |
TRUE
|
|
Apprehension, tension, or uneasiness lasting for six months or longer and causing considerable stress is referred to as _____ _____.
|
generalized anxiety
|
|
Two important sets of brain structures are associated with anxiety. One connected with emotion is the 1_____ system; the other, projecting from the brain stem and connected with alertness, is the 2_____ _____ system.
|
1) limbic
2) reticular activating |
|
1_____ are classes of drugs prescribed to relax clients. Classes of drugs used to help clients sleep are 2_____.
|
1) Sedatives
2) hypnotics |
|
Diazepam (Valium) reduces anxiety by binding to a receptor in the brain referred to as the _____ _____ _____ _____ molecule.
|
GABA receptor-chloride channel
|
|
The drug class usually prescribed for short-term insomnia caused by anxiety is _____.
|
benxodiazepines
|
|
_____ is a class of drugs that reduces anxiety, causes drowsiness, and promotes sleep when administered at higher doses.
|
Barbiturates
|
|
_____ _____ is a fatal symptom often associated with an overdose of barbiturates or other CNS depressants.
|
Respiratory depression
|
|
Schedule 1_____ is the level assigned to many benzodiazepines, while Schedule 2_____ is the level assigned to some barbiturates.
|
1) IV
2) III |
|
The stage in which the client can still be easily awakened. This stage comprises the greatest amount of total sleep time.
a. Non-REM Stage 1 b. Non-REM Stage 2 c. Non-REM Stage 3 d. Non-REM Stage 4 e. REM Sleep |
b. Non-REM Stage 2
|
|
This is the deepest stage of sleep, a time during which nightmares occur in children. Sleepwalking is also a common behavior for this stage.
a. Non-REM Stage 1 b. Non-REM Stage 2 c. Non-REM Stage 3 d. Non-REM Stage 4 e. REM Sleep |
d. Non-REM Stage 4
|
|
At the onset of this stage of sleep, the client is in drowsy for about one to seven minutes. During this time, the client can be easily awakened.
a. Non-REM Stage 1 b. Non-REM Stage 2 c. Non-REM Stage 3 d. Non-REM Stage 4 e. REM Sleep |
a. Non-REM Stage 1
|
|
This stage is characterized by eye movement and loss of muscle tone. This is the stage when dreaming takes place. The mind is very active and resembles a normal waking state.
a. Non-REM Stage 1 b. Non-REM Stage 2 c. Non-REM Stage 3 d. Non-REM Stage 4 e. REM Sleep |
e. REM Sleep
|
|
The client may move into or out of a deeper sleep at this stage. Heart rate and blood pressure fall; gastrointestinal activity rises.
a. Non-REM Stage 1 b. Non-REM Stage 2 c. Non-REM Stage 3 d. Non-REM Stage 4 e. REM Sleep |
c. Non-REM Stage 3
|
|
What is the class name and most appropriate use for secobarbital (Seconal)?
a. bendoziazepine for anxiety & panic b. benzodiazepine for short-term releif of insomnia c. barbiturate for short-term relief of insomnia d. barbiturate for short-term sedation e. non-barbiturate CNS depressant for short-term releif of insomnia |
d. barbiturate for short-term sedation
|
|
What is the class name and most appropriate use for chlordiazepoxide (Librium)?
a. bendoziazepine for anxiety & panic b. benzodiazepine for short-term releif of insomnia c. barbiturate for short-term relief of insomnia d. barbiturate for short-term sedation e. non-barbiturate CNS depressant for short-term releif of insomnia |
a. bendoziazepine for anxiety & panic
|
|
What is the class name and most appropriate use for zolpidem (Ambien)?
a. bendoziazepine for anxiety & panic b. benzodiazepine for short-term releif of insomnia c. barbiturate for short-term relief of insomnia d. barbiturate for short-term sedation e. non-barbiturate CNS depressant for short-term relief of insomnia |
e. non-barbiturate CNS depressant for short-term relief of insomnia
|
|
What is the class name and most appropriate use for prazepam (Centrax)?
a. bendoziazepine for anxiety & panic b. benzodiazepine for short-term releif of insomnia c. barbiturate for short-term relief of insomnia d. barbiturate for short-term sedation e. non-barbiturate CNS depressant for short-term releif of insomnia |
a. bendoziazepine for anxiety & panic
|
|
What is the class and the most appropriate use for amobarbital (Amytal)?
a. benzodiazepine for anxiety & panic b. benzodiazepine for short-term relief of insomnia c. barbiturate for short-term relief of insomnia d. barbiturate for short-term sedation e. non-barbiturate CNS depressant for short-term releif of insomnia |
c. barbiturate for short-term relief of insomnia
"AM(ytal) I sleepy yet?" |
|
What is the class and the most appropriate use for triazolam (Halcion)?
a. benzodiazepine for anxiety & panic b. benzodiazepine for short-term releif of insomnia c. barbiturate for short-term relief of insomnia d. barbiturate for short-term sedation e. non-barbiturate CNS depressant for short-term releif of insomnia |
b. benzodiazepine for short-term relief of insomnia
"You should TRI(azolam) to sleep" |
|
Episodes of immediate and intense apprehension, fearfulness, or terror refer to:
a. anxiety b. panic c. phobia d. post-traumatic stress |
b. panic
|
|
Drugs meant to address anxiety on a more limited basis are called:
a. anxiolytics b. sedatives c. mood disorder drugs d. antidepressants |
a. anxiolytics
|
|
The important brain center responsible for unconscious repsonses to extreme stress is the:
a. limbic system b. reticular formation c. reticular activating system d. hypothalamus |
d. hypothalamus
|
|
Which of the following terms may be used to describe benzodiazepines?
a. sedative b. hypnotic c. tranquilizer d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
|
|
One of the first drugs used for anxiety treatment was:
a. alprazolam (Xanax) b. clonazepam (Klonopin) c. chloridiazepoxide (Librium) d. clorazepate (Tranxene) |
c. chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
|
|
Diazepam binds to the GABA receptor, resulting in an opening of what kind of channel?
a. sodium b. potassium c. chloride d. calcium |
c. chloride
|
|
Which of the following statements is true about reestablishing a healthful sleep regimen?
a. Drinking alcohol close to bedtime helps one to sleep. b. Eating a moderate meal close to bedtime helps one to sleep. c. Supplements are often recommended for insomnia d. Sedatives and hypnotics may be useful for insomnia if taken long-term. |
c. Supplements are often recommended for insomnia.
|
|
Insomnia rebound:
a. is a time during which insomina and symptoms of anxiety may worsen b. is a worsening of insomnia due to drug dependency c. is more common in younger clients d. develops from short-term use of insomnia medication |
a. is a time during which insomina and symptoms of anxiety may worsen
|
|
The electroencephalogram:
a. measures brain waves only when the client is awake. b. measures muscle activity of the eyes. c. may be used as a dx tool to identify insomnia, seizure activity, depression, and dementia. d. shows alpha waves when a client is alert and the mind is active. |
c. may be used as a dx tool to identify insomnia, seizure activity, depression, and dementia.
|
|
Which of the following is true regarding sleep stages and patterns?
a. Drugs for insomnia generally do not affect sleep stages. b. Clients with normal sleep patterns move from non-REM to REM sleep about every 90 minutes. c. REM sleep is the deepest stage of sleep. d. The most significant type of sleep with respect to the effect of hypnotic durgs is REM sleep. |
b. Clients with normal sleep patterns move from non-REM to REM sleep about every 90 minutes.
|
|
Barbiturates:
a. act by blocking the GABA receptor-chloride channel molecule b. are safe during pregnancy c. are drugs of choice for anxiety d. must be used carefully to avoid respiratory depression |
d. must be used carefully to avoid respiratory depression
|
|
Phenobarbital:
a. is a short acting barbiturate and is therefore more useful for brief medical procedures b. stimulates liver enzymes and thereby may increase its own metabolism with repeated dosing c. is mainly limited in drug therapy to induction of sleep d. poses no affect on levels of folate (B9) or vitamin D in the body |
b. stimulates liver enzymes and thereby may increase its own metabolism with repeated dosing
|
|
Diazepam:
a. suppresses neuronal activity within the limbic system b. enhances impulses that might be transmitted to the reticular activating system c. has little effect if any on tolerance d. is relatively limited in its range of therapeutic usefulness |
a. suppresses neuronal activity within the limbic system
|
|
Buspirone (Buspar):
a. is a benzodiazepine b. may act by binding to brain dopamine and serotonin receptors c. is used for short-term treatment of insomnia d. all of the above |
b. may act by binding to brain dopamine and serotonin receptors
|