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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acetylcholinesterase
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enzyme that degrades acetylcholine within the synapse
enhances effects of the neurotransmitter |
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Alzheimer's disease
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characterized by loss of memory, confusion, disorientation, and loss of judgment
hallucinations & delusions may also occur most common type of dementia |
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amyloid plaques
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abnormal protein fragments r/t neuronal damage
symptom of Alzheimer's disease observed during autopsy |
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anti-Parkinson's drugs
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attempt to restore balance of dopamine & acetylcholine in the brain
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corpus striatum
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area of the brain responsible for unconscious muscle movement
point of contact for neurons projecting from substania nigra |
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dementia
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degernative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss, confusion, and the inability to think or communicate effectively
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extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
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muscles become very rigid due to over-medication w/anti-psychotics
also caused by lack of dopamine function in corpus striatium |
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hippocampus
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region of brain responsible for learning & memory
part of limbic system |
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levodopa
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drug administered for treatment of Parkinson's symptoms
natural enzyme within nerve terminals convert levodopa into dopamine |
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multiple-infarct dementia
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caused by multiple strokes
AKA vascular dementia |
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neurofibrillary tangles
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bundles of nerve fibers found in the brain of clients w/Alzheimer's disease on autopsy
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Parkinson's disease
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degenerative disorder of the nervous system caused by deficieny of neurotransmitter dopamine
results in disturbances of muscle movement |
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substantia nigra
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region in brain where dopamine is synthesized
neurons from this area project to other areas in the brain responsible for regulation of muscle movement |
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tardive dyskinesia
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involuntary movements of facial muscles & tongue that occur due to long-term anti-psychotic therapy
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Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the nervous system caused by the death of neurons that produce:
a. dopamine b. norepinephrine c. acetylcholine d. serotonin |
c. acetylcholine
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The cause of most cases of Parkinson's disease is:
a. stroke/CVA b. trauma to the head c. infection of the brain d. unknown |
d. unknown
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Which of the following is not a common sign of early Parkinson's disease?
a. tremor b. muscle rigidity and weakness c. bradykinesia d. dementia |
d. dementia
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The corpus striatum is an area of the brain important to Parkinson's disease because it controls:
a. voluntary muscle movement b. unconscious muscle movement c. conscious thought processes d. wakefuleness |
b. unconscious muscle movement
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What is the relationship between acetylcholine and dopamine in the area of the brain that affects balance, posture, and involuntary muscle movmement?
a. both dopamine and acetylcholine stimulate this region b. both dopamine and acetylcholine inhibit this region c. dopamine stimulates and acetylcholine inhibits this region d. dopamine inhibits and acetylcholine stimulates this region |
d. dopamine inhibits and acetylcholine stimulates this region
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What class of drugs may induce artificial Parkinsonism by interering with the same neural pathway and functions modified by a lack of dopamine?
a. phenothiazines b. tricyclic antidepressants c. MAO inhibitors d. benzodiazepines |
a. phenothiazines
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The immeidate, short-term medical treatment of extrapyramidal signs can be provided by administering:
a. diphenhydramine (Benadryl) b. procyclidine (Kemadrin) c. levodopa d. tacrine (Cognex) |
a. diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
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Which class of drugs is given to discourage the development of tardive dyskinesia in clients being treated for psychosis?
a. cholinergic drugs b. anticholinergic drugs c. dopaminergic drugs d. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |
b. anticholinergic drugs
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Which drug has been prescribed more extensively than any other medicationfor clients with Parkinson's disease?
a. carbidopa (Lodosyn) b. benztropine (Cogentin) c. levodopa (Laradopa) d. tacrine (Cognex) |
c. levodopa (Laradopa)
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Which of the following are common side effects observed during therapy with levodopa (Laradopa)?
a. sleep disorders such as insomnia b. sedation c. involuntary muscle movements d. seizures |
c. involuntary muscle movements
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If a client is unable to tolerate dopaminergic medications, which class of drugs would likely be prescribed?
a. cholinergic drugs b. anticholinergic drugs c. antipsychotic drugs d. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |
b. anticholinergic drugs
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Vascular dementia is usually caused by:
a. multiple strokes b. multiple heart attacks c. too little blood flow to the brain d. lack of sufficient neurotransmitters in certain areas of the brain |
a. multiple strokes
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Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles within the brain are diagnostic signs of:
a. Parkinson's disease b. tardive dyskinesia c. vascular dementia d. Alzheimer's disease |
d. Alzheimer's disease
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Alzheimer's drugs enhance the action of _____ in the brain.
a. dopamine b. norpehinephrine c. acetylcholine d. serotonin |
c. acetylcholine
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Drugs that inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AchE) will:
a. increase levels of dopamine b. decrease levels of dopamine c. increase levels of acetylcholine d. decrease levels of acetylcholine |
c. increase levels of acetylcholine
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A client with Parkinson's disease may experience difficulty urinating and performing sexually, which are signs of disturbances in the _____ nervous system.
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autonomic
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Drug therapy of Parkinson's disease focuses on restoring dopamine function and also blocking the effect of _____ within the same area of the brain.
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acetylcholine
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_____ _____ is a degenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss, confusion, and inability to think or communicate effectively.
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Alzheimer's disease
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The most common causes of dementia are 1_____ 1_____ and 2_____ 2_____.
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1) Alzheimer's disease
2) multiple strokes |
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Alzheimer's clients experience a dramatic loss of their ability to perform tasks that require _____ as a neurotransmitter.
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acetylcholine
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