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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which among the following is an example of a felony |
A. Burglary |
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Which among the following is an example of a misdemeanor? |
B. Simple assault |
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The most frequently imposed penalty by the Twelve Tables was ____. |
Death |
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The punishment inflicted on exiles who returned to Rome was ____. |
D. Death |
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The Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons was established by the _____. |
B. Quakers |
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Punishment as vengeance is also called: |
A. revenge |
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A sentencing goal that involves retaliation against a criminal perpetrator is called: |
D. retribution. |
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If I use the term "an eye for an eye" I am talking about: |
A. Retribution |
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The discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment is called: |
A. deterrence. |
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The idea that actions are motivated primarily by a desire to experience pleasure and avoid pain is called: |
B. the pleasure-pain principle. |
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____ is defined as the halting or suspension, before conviction, of formal criminal proceedings against a person, conditioned on some form of counterperformance by the defendant. |
C. Diversion |
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The conditional release of a convicted offender, into the community, under supervision is called ____. |
A. probation |
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The "founder of probation" was a shoemaker in the city of ____. |
B. Boston |
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The state of ____ was the first state to pass a statue authorizing probation |
B. Massachusettes |
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Which of the following states has the largest adult probation population? |
D. Georgia |
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The second major role of a probation officer is ____. |
A. client supervision |
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The conditional release of a prisoner prior to completion of the imposed sentence under the supervision of the state is called_____. |
C. parole |
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Early release based on the paroling authority's assessment of eligibility is called _____. |
A. discretionary release |
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The American Probation and Parole Association (APPA) supports____. |
B. discretionary parole |
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Prisoners who were sent to Australia and then committed further felonies were sent to ____. |
C. Norfolk Island |
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In 1840, British Navy Captain ____ was appointed Superintendent of Norfolk Island. |
A. Alexander Maconochie |
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Captain Alexander Maconochie favored ____ sentences over fixed sentences. |
C. indeterminate |
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The first legislation authorizing parole in the United States was enacted in ____. |
A. Massachusetts |
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___ is considered the forerunner of modern American parole. |
D. Crofton's system of conditional release |
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The Wickersham Commission reported that parole is logical because it: |
B. is an inexpensive way to supervise offenders. |
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The process of transition that offenders make from prison or jail to the community is called ____. |
C. reentry |
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When people are released from jail and prison, ____. |
B. their chances of finding a place to live are bleak |
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Prisoners reentry issues for women are: |
C. especially magnified for minority women. |
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An inmate's eligibility for parole is determined by ____. |
A. the sentence received from court as set by law |
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____ is the earliest date on which an inmate might be released. |
A. Parole eligibility date |
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A correctional agency that has the authority to grant the conditional release of a prisoner is called a ____. |
C. parole board |
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_____ is a scale developed from a risk-screening instrument and is used to predict parole outcome. |
B. Salient factor score |
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The normal patterns of behavior expected of those holding particular social positions in prisons are called ____. |
D. roles |
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The patterns of behavior expected of correctional staff members in particular jobs are called ____. |
C. staff roles |
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Wardens, superintendents, assistant superintendents, and others charged with operating the institution and its programs and with setting policy are called ____. |
D. administrative staff |
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Psychologists, psychiatrists, medical doctors, nurses, medical aides, teachers, counselors, caseworkers, and ministers are called ____ |
B. program staff |
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Majors, captains, lieutenants, sergeants, and correctional officers charged primarily with maintaining order and security in a prison are called____. |
A. custodial staff |
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Which of the following groups would be most involved in encouraging prisoners to participate in educational, vocational, and treatment processes? |
B. Program Staff |
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Inmates' beliefs that a correctional officer can and will punish disobedience give the officer ____ power. |
D. coercive |
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Assigning desirable jobs to inmates with the intent of inducing cooperation is called ____ power. |
C. reward |
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____ power flows from "persuasive diplomacy." |
A. Referent |
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The tension between prison staff members and inmates arise out of the correctional setting is called a ____. |
A. structured conflict |
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The beliefs, values, and behavior of correctional officers are known as the ____. |
D. staff subculture |
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Tom is a correctional officer who gives orders and enjoys the feelings of power that comes from ordering prison inmates. He is exhibiting the personality type of a ____. |
B. dictator |
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Aaron is a correctional officer who believes that close associations with inmates will make it easier to control them. He is exhibiting the personality type of a ____. |
D. friend |
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A correctional officer who provides commodities to the inmate population is exhibiting the personality type of a ____. |
C. Merchant |
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A ____ usually interacts little with other correctional officers and does the minimum necessary to get though the workday in a prison. |
B. turnkey |
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A ____ is a correctional officer who constantly finds problems with the way a prison is run or with existing policies and rules. |
A. reformer |
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Officers who are responsible for supervising prison inmates in housing areas are called ____. |
A. block officers |
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Officers who oversee the tasks of individual inmates and inmate work crews area called ____. |
D. work detail supervisors |
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Officers who supervise inmates in the prison athletic areas or recreational areas are called ____. |
B. yard officers |
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Officers who control the keys and weapons in a prison and sometimes oversee visitation are called ____. |
D. administrative officers |
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Officers assigned to gun towers and wall posts and are charged with preventing escapes and intrusions are called____. |
C. perimeter security officers |
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____ are experienced correctional officers used to temporarily replace officers who are sick or on vacation or to meet staffing shortages. |
C. Relief officers |
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Which of the following is a book written by Victoria R Derosia? |
D. Living Inside Prison Walls |
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The process by which inmates adapt to jail society and take on the ways, mores, customs, and general culture of the penitentiary is known as _____. |
C. prisonization |
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Donald Clemmer coined the term ____. |
C. prisonization |
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The pains of imprisonment are described in the book ____. |
C. The Society of Captives |
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Which among the following is an issue faced by new prison inmates? |
A. They experience an increase in self-doubts. |
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The belief that inmate subcultures develop in response to the scarcities in prison life is called the ____ theory. |
C. deprivation |
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An inmate starts a gang in the prison in order to procure more goods and services; this is an example of the ____ theory. |
C. deprivation |
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The belief that inmate subcultures are brought into prisons from the outside world is called the ____ theory. |
D. importation |
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An inmate who is in a gang in the real world starts a gang inside the prison world; this is an example of the ____ theory, |
D. importation |
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A combination of importation theory and deprivation theory is called the _____. |
integration model |
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The set of norms and values among prison inmates is called a(n) _____. |
B. prison code |
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The special language of the inmate subculture is called _____. |
C. prison argot |
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Argot is a French word meaning ______. |
A. slang |
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According to John Irwin's classification of prisoners, ____ are inmates who are unfamiliar with criminal subcultures. |
D. square johns |
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In prison argot, a croacker is a(n) ____. |
C. physician or a doctor |
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In prison argot, a _____ is a newly arrived inmate. |
B. fish |
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In prison argot, a ____ is the search of a prisoner's cell or a work area. |
D. shakedown |
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In prison argot, a male inmate who assumes as aggressive role during homosexual relations is called a _____. |
B. wolf |
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Under the ____, U.S. courts for many decades avoided intervening in prison management. |
A.hands-off doctrine |
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The first case that began the dismantling of the hands-off doctrine was ____. |
D. Ex parte Hull |
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The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known as the _____. |
C. Bill of Rights |
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Constitutional rights of inmates may be restricted by all except ____. |
B. the general belief that inmates are bad |
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A legal obligation to another person to do, pay, or make good something is known as ____. |
B. Civil liability |
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A writ of ____ is an order from a court to produce a prisoner in court so that the court can determine whether the prisoner is being legally detained. |
D. habeas corpus |
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Habeas corpus is Latin for ____. |
A. "you have the body" |
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A(n) _____ is a civil wrong, a wrongful act, or a wrongful breach of duty, other than a breach of contract, whether intentional or accidental, from which injury to another occurs. |
C. tort |
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____ are payments for actual losses, which may include out-of-pocket expenses the inmate incurred in filing the suit, other forms of monetary or material loss, and pain, suffering, and mental anguish. |
B. Compensatory damages |
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____ are awarded to punish the wrongdoer when the wrongful act was intentional and malicious or was done with reckless disregard for the rights of the inmate. |
C. Punitive damages |
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A judicial order to do or refrain from doing a particular act is called a(n) ____. |
D. injunction |
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The trial courts of the federal system are called____. |
B. district courts |
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A previous judicial decision that judges should consider in deciding future cases is called ____. |
A. precedent |
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A method the U.S. Supreme Court uses to decide prisoners' rights cases, weighing the rights claimed by inmates against the legitimate needs of prisons is called the ____. |
D. balancing test |
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____ are "those prisoners who exhibit unique physical, mental, social, and programmatic needs that distinguish them from other prisoners and for whom jail and prison management and staff have to respond to in nontraditional and innovative ways." |
D. Inmates with special needs |
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___ is the common denominator for most offenders in the criminal justice system. |
C. Alcohol and drug problem |
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It is generally accepted that drug and alcohol treatment in prison: |
C. causes recidivism to decrease |
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Which of the following statements best reflects the reality about drug treatment programs in prisons? |
A. Only a small fraction of the jail inmates who need drug treatment actually receive it. |
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____ is the disease commonly transmitted in infected blood and bodily secretions, especially during sexual intercourse and intravenous drug use. |
B. AIDS |
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____ is a highly variable communicable disease that is characterized by toxic symptoms or allergic manifestations that in humans primarily affect the lungs. |
D. Tuberculosis |
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____ is considered to be the most common cause of death among the worlds prisoners. |
A. Tuberculosis |
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Tuberculosis in prison and jails spreads: |
A. by coughing, sneezing, and releasing bacteria into the air. |
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An interdisciplinary, comfort-oriented care facility that helps seriously ill patients to die with dignity and humanity in an environment that facilitates mental and spiritual preparation for the natural process of dying is called a(n)____. |
C. hospice |
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The second most common sexually transmitted disease, often called the clap, is _____. |
B. gonorrhea |
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The most common sexually transmitted disease, on which effects the eyes and lungs, is ____. |
C. chlamydia |
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An approach to sentencing that emphasizes interchangeability of punishments is called: |
A. exchange rate sentencing. |
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The current term for prison gangs by the prison administration is: |
B. security threat groups. |
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The prison gang ___ was founded in 1966 at San Quentin Prison and is considered the most politically oriented of the major state prison gangs; its racial makeup is black. |
B. Black Guerilla Family |
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The prison gang ____ was formed in the late 1950s in California's youth facility at Duel; its racial makeup is Mexican-American/Hispanic. |
Mexican Mafia |
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Alcatraz was closed because: |
C. It was judged as an expensive failure. |
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The developement of supermax prisons in the federal system is an example of the ____ model. |
B. concentration |
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The process through which correctional facilities and agencies can measure themselves against nationally adopted standards is called: |
C. accreditation. |