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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phrenology |
Concerned the size and shape of the skull and was popular from mid 1700 to mid 1800 (Franz Gall) Criminals had much larger brains |
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Atavism (Cesare Lombroso) founder of positivist school of criminology |
Criminals were atavists, or throwbacks to an earlier stage of evolution Criminal behavior stemmed from atavism and were evolutionary accidents Arms were long, skulls and jaws were very large, and bodies very hairy |
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Somatology William Sheldon (body shapes) |
Assumes that peoples body shapes affect their personalities and hence the crimes they commit Endomorphs - heavy and have short arms and legs, tend to be relaxed and extroverted (non criminal) Mesomorphs - athletic and muscular, tend to be aggressive and likely to commit violent crimes requiring strength and speed. Ectomorphs - thin, introverted and overly sensitive |
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Concordance/ discordance |
Concordance- both members of a pair act alike Discordance - they do not act alike |
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MAOA |
Gene regulates a neurotransmitter called serotonin Individuals with the variant version of the gene are less responsive to serotonin and thus more aggressive. |
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MAOA |
Gene regulates a neurotransmitter called serotonin Individuals with the variant version of the gene are less responsive to serotonin and thus more aggressive. |
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Evolutionary biology |
Rape provided an evolutionary advantage to some men (cads) helped ensure the transmission of their genes into future generations Practiced (r) strategy by producing many children and spending little time with them. Men called (dads) practiced k strategy produced fewer children because they were married or otherwise limited themselves to consensual sex. |
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Chromosomal abnormalities |
XY men are normal XXY men are abnormal and rare. Tall, long arms, severe acne, low IQ |
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Testosterone |
Higher testosterone is said to increase aggression, risk taking, and impulsiveness, and thus also low self control |
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Premenstrual syndrome |
Increased stress, lethargy, tension, other problems tend to make women emotional leading to aggression |
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Premenstrual syndrome |
Increased stress, lethargy, tension, other problems tend to make women emotional leading to aggression |
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Neurotransmitters |
Neurons transmit impulses to each other with the aid of chemical substances called neurotransmitters. |
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Premenstrual syndrome |
Increased stress, lethargy, tension, other problems tend to make women emotional leading to aggression |
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Neurotransmitters |
Neurons transmit impulses to each other with the aid of chemical substances called neurotransmitters. |
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Nutrition and diet |
Inadequate maternal nutrition and inadequate childhood nutrition may impair children’s development and weakens social behavior. |
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Biosocial perspective |
Biological criminologists increasingly advocate a blend of biology and sociology in what is termed this Biological traits interact with social environment influences to produce crime. |
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Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) founder of psychoanalysis |
Delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children |
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Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) founder of psychoanalysis |
Delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children |
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ID |
Present at birth and consists of instinctual desires that demand immediate gratification. |
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Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) founder of psychoanalysis |
Delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children |
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ID |
Present at birth and consists of instinctual desires that demand immediate gratification. |
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Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) founder of psychoanalysis |
Delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children |
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ID |
Present at birth and consists of instinctual desires that demand immediate gratification. |
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Ego |
More rational part of the personality |
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Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) founder of psychoanalysis |
Delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children |
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ID |
Present at birth and consists of instinctual desires that demand immediate gratification. |
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Ego |
More rational part of the personality |
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Superego |
Represents the internalization of society’s moral code. |
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Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) founder of psychoanalysis |
Delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children |
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ID |
Present at birth and consists of instinctual desires that demand immediate gratification. |
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Ego |
More rational part of the personality |
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Superego |
Represents the internalization of society’s moral code. |
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Moral development (Kohlberg) |
Ability to distinguish right from wrong, and to determine the ethically correct course of action in complex circumstances. Individuals pass through several stages in which they develop their ability to reason morally. |
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IQ |
Low intelligence produces criminality, in part because low IQ impairs moral reasoning and the ability to appreciate the consequences of ones actions. |
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Temperament |
Includes suspiciousness, coldness, irritability, hyperactivity, attention deficits, and impulsiveness. |