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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
study of human interactions and relationships that emphasizes such issues as group dynamics and socialization. |
Sociological Social Psychology
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designed to prevent crime and if it cannot prevent crime then it should convince the offender to commit a less serious offense. |
Punishment by Incarceration |
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says that if petty offenses were subject to the same punishment as more serious crimes, offenders would choose the more serious crimes. |
Marginal Deterrence |
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Males are more likely to socialize with deviant peers than are females and they are more likely to be deeply influenced by these deviant peers. This finding explains how _____________________ may explain the gender difference in the crime rate. |
Differential Association |
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laws do not require intent and are meant to protect the public. |
Strict Liability |
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theory says that crime is a decision to violate the law and is made for a variety of reasons, including greed, revenge, need, anger, lust, jealousy, thrill-seeking, or vanity. |
Rational Choice |
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law is the written code that defines crimes and their punishments, and reflects the values, beliefs, and opinions of society’s mainstream. |
The Substantive Criminal |
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theory says everyone has the potential to become a criminal, but most are controlled by the bond to society. |
Social Control |
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According to Akers and Burgess, ___________ occurs when deviant and conventional behaviors are learned and reinforced by direct conditioning |
Differential Reinforcement |
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is what sets strange, unusual, or deviant behavior (or any action that departs from the social norms) apart from criminal behaviors. |
Social Harm |
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are the morally tinged influences which have become entrenched in the culture but are publicly condemned. |
Subterranean Values |
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refers to an effect that occurs when an effort to control one type of crime has the unexpected benefit of reducing the incidence of another. |
Diffusion |
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The theory of _____________ holds that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known criminals will never repeat their criminal acts. |
Specific Deterrence |
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The criminological enterprise subarea of criminal behavior__________________, which focuses on the nature and cause of specific crime patterns. |
Systems and Typologies |
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is the idea that offenders evaluate their skills, motives, needs, and fears before deciding to commit crime. |
Offender Specific Crime |
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The criminological enterprise subarea of ______________ describes and measures crime. |
Criminal Statistics |
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Criminologists who engage in _______________ view social theory as a systematic set of interrelated statements or principles that explain some aspect of social life. |
Theory Construction |
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When parents, friends, teachers, and law enforcement officials amplify negative labels via stigmatization a person may begin to re-evaluate their identity. This process is referred to as the ________________. |
Dramatization of Evil |
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Criminologists conduct research that is designed to _______________________ in order to determine their efficiency, effectiveness, and impact. |
Evaluate Justice Interpretations |
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The exhilarating, momentary integration of danger, risk, and skill that motivates people to try dangerous criminal and noncriminal behaviors refers to what is known as _______. |
Edgework |
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1. Body of knowledge regarding crime as a _________
2. The Development of criminal law and its use to _____________ 3. The cause of ___________ 4. Methods used to ____________ 5. A _____________ |
1. social phenomenon 2. define crime 3. law violations 4. control criminal behavior 5. multidisciplinary science
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