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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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name 6 patterns of theorizing crime
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demonology (prechristianity), christianity, renaissance, classical period, neoclassical, and positivist
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in this theory you have no individual choice, demons are responsible. "the devil made me do it"
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demonology
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in this era you had individual choice
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christianity
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this era includes worldly vs. other worldly.
naturalism: basically rational, biological organisms, interact as part of a culture, motivated by unconcious forces |
renaissance
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who was important from the classical period and what did he do
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cesare beccaria - wrote an essay on crime and punishment. people make choices based on rational calculations founded on a hedonistic principle. mind of offender. rational
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who came up with the idea of a penal pharmacy and what is it
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cesare beccaria - each offense would incur a prescribed penalty
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what was there a need for in the neoclassical period
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a need for judicial discretion in criminal punishments. (mensrea)
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what is mensrea
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punishment can only be given to people who have mental capacity to know right and wrong
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free will principle is also vulnerable (not everyone has free will) in this period
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neoclassical period
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who founded the positivist school of criminology
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C. lambroso
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who applied rules of scientific method to study of crime, tested theories
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lambroso, hooten, goring, sheldon
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italian physician and psychiatrist that looked at the relationship between physical abnormalties and certain criminality. believed some criminality is hereditary
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lambroso
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describe the three types of criminals lambroso suggests
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1. born criminals - "true" criminals. distinguishable by their stigmata
2. insane, imbiciles, epileptics 3. "criminaloid" - physically and biologically disposed to crime but not created for it |
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who is the harvard anthropologist that uses eugenics and says criminals are genetically inferior
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ernest hooten
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who wrote the book "the american criminal"
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hooten
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who said you can eliminate crime by eliminating the physically and morally unfit
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hooten
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who did 12 years of scientific research on 10,000 incarcerated criminals with a control group of non criminals
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hooten
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who is a british penologist whose findings leaned toward refuting lombroso
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charles goring
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who studied 3000 prisoners vs 1000 cambridge students and said prisoners are not necessarily representative
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charles goring
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who developed the "somato type theory of crime"
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william sheldon - 1940s
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what are the 3 body types sheldon describes
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endomorph- round, pudgy, has a relaxed temperment, plus size
mesomorph- muscular, extroverted, agressive ectomorph- thin, fragile, introverted psychologically |
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most juvenile delinquents had what kind of body type according to sheldon
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mesomorph
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describe crimes of theory at the individual level
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focus of crime is "in" the person, genes, biology, body type, etc. these are single factor theory people
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multi factor theorists have thoerys at what levels
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family/community or societal
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what did sheldon and elanor gleuck say was the reason for 60% of juve dels to be mesomorphs
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selection factor in gangs
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who came up with the ecological aka "concentric zone" theory
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clifford shaw- chicago school 1920s-30s
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describe the concentric zones and which one shaw says has social disorganiztion
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industrial sector, zone of transition, suburbs.
transition has SD |
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what aspects of social disorganization cause crime according to clifford shaw
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high divorce rates, high poverty and low income, low education, wedlock births, and high crime rates
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gang theory is by whom
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frederick thrasher
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who wrote "the gang" in 1927 and what was it
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frederick thrasher - first sociological story of gangs. he studied 1300 gangs in chicago and neighborhood traditions
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who came up with the diferential association thoery in the 1930s
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edwin sutherland
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who rejects the idea that social disorganization causes crime
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edwin sutherland
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edwin sutherland says that different forms of ____ ____ cayse crime. crime is ____
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social organization, learned
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sutherland says that crime is caused by an excess of definitions ____ to violation of the law over ____ to violation of the law
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favorable, unfavorable
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who rejects the bad causes bad fallacy
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albert k cohen
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albert k cohen is a __ ___ theorist
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social org
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albert k cohen studied ___ and __
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del boys and culture gang
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who came up with strain theory
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albert k cohen
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cohen defines deviance as...
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mismatch between desire for something and your ability to achieve it.
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cohen is associated with normlessness or ___
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anome
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what does robert k murton say crime is caused by..
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disjuctive between culturally prescribed goals and socially acceptable means to acheive those goals whcih result from different possibilities of acheiving the culturally acceptable goals
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murton is considered a ____ theorist
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strain
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culturally defined goals include
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inovators, rebellion, conformity
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socially defined goals include
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ritualism, rebellion, retreatism, and conformity
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define ethnography
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a careful description of a culture on its own terms
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what happens to max in the end?
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moved to florida with suzanne
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what happens to chillie in the end?
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gets shot, moves to domincan republic and drowns
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what happens to splib in the end?
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lives with wife in jersey with baby. tried various jobs - short order cook, painter etc
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what happens to jake in the end?
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continued selling coke in bronx
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what happens to masterrap in the end?
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became a chef
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what happened to hector in the end
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got caught up with basing, moved back with parents
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what happened to kitty?
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kitty and carlos moved to the bronx with new baby
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what happened to charlie
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tried to run la oficina but couldnt. attending community college
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this member is skinny and freckle-faced. looks up to his little brother max
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hector
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a tireless worker, honest and loyal. 17 years old. met max by accident on the street. sister knew maxs wife
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jake
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boss of la oficina. supervises masterrap and charlie. takes in more money than anyone except max.
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chillie
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likes to rap. second man behind the scale.
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masterrap
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only african american on the crew. was high school friends with chillie. learned to shoot a gun after his uncle. is bodygaurd of office
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charlie
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only woman. splibs wife. wants to go back to school
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kitty
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only person who deals as an independent. oldest of crew. likes to con and manipulate people.
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splib
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