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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Trait Theory |
The View that criminality is a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits |
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Sociobiology |
The view that human behavior is motivated by inborn biological urges to survive and preserve the species. |
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Individual vulnerability model |
Assumes there is a direct link between traits and crime; some people are vulnerable to crime from birth |
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Differential susceptibility model |
The belief that there is an indirect association between traits and crime |
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Hyperglycemia |
A condition that occurs when glucose in the blood falls below levels necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning. |
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aNDROGENS |
Male sex hormones |
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Testosterone |
The principal male hormone |
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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) |
Condition, postulated by some theorists wherein several days before and during menstruation excessive amounts of female sex hormones stimulate antisocial, aggressive behavior |
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Neuropsychology |
The study of brain activity |
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Conduct disorder (CD) |
A pattern of repetitive behavior in which the rights of others or social norms are violated |
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
A developmentally inappropriate lack of attention along with impassivity and hyperactivity |
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Neurotransmitters |
Chemical compounds that influence or activate brain functions |
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Arousal Theory |
The view that people seek to maintain a proffered level of arousal but vary in how they process sensory input, A need for high levels of environmental stimulation may lead to aggressive violent behavior patterns. |
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Psychodynamic Theory |
Frued. Human personality is controlled by unconscious mental processes that develop early in childhood and involve the interaction of id, ego and superego. |
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Attachment theory |
Bowlby's theory that being able to form an emotional bonds to another person is an important aspect of mental health throughout the life span. |
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Behavioral theory |
The view that all human behavior is learned through a process of social reinforcement rewards and punishment |
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Social learning theory |
The view that human behavior is modeled through observation of human social interactions either directly from observing those who are close and from intimate contact, or indirect though the media. Interactions that are rewarded are copied while those that punished are avoided. |
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Behavior modeling |
the process of learning behavior by observing others. aggressive models may be parents criminals in the neighborhood or characters on television or movies. |
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Cognitive theory |
Psychological perspective that focuses on the mental processes by which people perceive and represent the world around them and solve problems. |
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Information-processing theory |
Theory that focuses on how people process, store, encode, retrieve, and manipulate information to make decisions and solve problems |
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Personality |
The reasonably stable patterns of behavior including thoughts and emotions that distinguish one person from another |
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Antisocial personality |
Combination of traits such as hyperactivity, impassivity, hedonism, and inability to empathize with others that make a person prone to deviant behavior and violence also referred to as sociopath of psychopathic personality. |
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Nature Theory |
The view that intelligence is largely determined genetically and that low intelligence is linked to criminal behavior |
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Nurture Theory |
The view that intelligence is not inherited but is largely a product of environment. Low IQ scores do not cause crime but may result from the same environmental factors. |
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Mood DIsorder |
A condition in which the prevaling emotional mood is distorted or inappropriate to the circumstances. |
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ODD |
A pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior during which a child often loses her or his temper often argues with adults and often actively defies or refuses to comply with adults requests or rules. |
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Schizophrenia |
A severe disorder marked by hearing nonexistent voices seeing hallucinations and exhibiting inappropriate responses. |
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Bipolar disorder |
An emotional disturbanc ein which moods alternate between periods of wild elation and deep depression. |
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Primary prevention programs |
Programs such as substance abuse clinics and mental health associations, that seeks to treat personal problems before they manifest themselves as crime |
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Secondsay prevention programs |
Programs that provide treatment such as psychological counseling to youth and adults after they have violated the law. |