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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Authoritative Parent
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A style that is viewed as firm, fair, and reasonable. Seen as promoting psychologically healthy, competent and independent children.
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Authoritarian Parent
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A style of parenting in which the parent expects unquestionable obedience and views the child as needing to be controlled.
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Co-figurative culture
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A culture in which change occurs rapidly. Both adults and peers socialize young people.
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Enculturation
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the process by which individuals learn and adopt the ways and manners of their specific culture.
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Parental Ethnotheories
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Parental cultural belief system.
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Permissive parent
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a style of parenting in which parents allow children to regulate their own lives and provide few firm guidelines.
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Postfigure culture
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A culture in which change is slow and socialization occurs mainly by elders transferring knowledge to their children. Elders hold the knowledge needed become a successful and competent adult.
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Prefigure culture
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A culture that is changing so rapidly that the young people may be the ones to teach the adults cultural knowledge.
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Socialization
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The process by which we learn and internalize the rules and patterns of behavior that are affected by culture. Occurs over a long period of time, is distinct from Enculturation, much like culture differs from society.
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Socialization Agents
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The people, insitutions, and organizations that exsist to help ensure that socialization occurs.
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Uninvolved parents
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A style of parenting in which parents are often too absorbed in their own lives to respond appropriately to their children and may seem indifferent to them.
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accommodation
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the process of changing one's understanding of the world to accommodate ideas that conflict with existing ideas/concepts
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ambivalent attachment
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a style of attachment in which children are uncertain of their response to their mothers, going back and forth between seeking and shunning her attention--mothers characterized to be insensitive and less involved
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animism
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the belief that all things, including inanimate objects, are alive
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assimilation
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the process of fitting new ideas into the preexisting understanding of the world
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attachment
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a special bond that develops between an infant and his or her primary caregiver and provides infant with emotional security--quality of attachment has lifelong effects with loved ones.
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avoidant attachment
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a style of attachment in which children shun their mothers, who are expected of being intrusive and over-stimulating
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behavioral inhibition
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an aspect of temperament, where a child shows signs of wariness, discomfort, or distress when confronted with a novel, challenging, or unfamiliar situations. Also known as (fearfulness or shyness)
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centration
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the tendency to focus on a single aspect of a problem
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cognitive development
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a specialty in psychology that studies how thinking skills develop over time: the major theory of cognitive development is that of Piaget
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conservation
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an awareness that psychical quantities remain the same even when they change shape or appearance
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conventional morality
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the 2nd stage of Kohlberg's moral development, emphasizing conformity to rules that are defined by others approval or society's rules
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developmental contexualism
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a contemporary theoretical perspective that proposes that the multiple levels of child development---ranging from inner biological, psychological,social relational, and sociocultural -- are inextricably intertwined and function as an integrated system. Stresses that it is the relation between these changing multiple levels that constitutes human development
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difficult temperament
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a type of temperament that is characterized by intense, irregular, withdrawing style that is generally marked by negative moods
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easy temperament
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a type of temperament that is characterized by very regular, adaptable, mildly intense style of behavior that is positive and responsive
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ego-centrism
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the inability to step into another;s shoes and understand the others' point of view
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ethic of autonomy
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moral reasoning that emphasized individual rights and justice. Individual choices and freedoms are important to the extent that they do not harm others and others' choices and freedoms
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ethic of community
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moral reasoning that emphasizes interpersonal relationships and community, One's duties, obligations, and roles within a group are highlighted.
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affect
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feelings (or subjective experience)
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appraisal
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the process by which people evaluate the events, situations, or occurrences that lead to their having emotions
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basic emotions
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a small set of emotions that are said to be universal to al humans, biologically based and genetically coded, and evolutionary based. Humans come into the world with these emotions then social and cultural learning influences how they are used in this life.
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Cultural display rules
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culturally prescribed rules that govern how universal emotions can be expressed. These rules center on appropriateness of displaying emotions, depending on social circumstances.
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decoding rules
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rules that govern the interpretation and perception of emoton These are learned, culturally shaped rules that shape how people of each culture view and interpretet the emotional expression of others
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Emotions
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transient , neurophysiological responses that have consequences to our welfare, and require an immediate behavioral response. They include feelings, but also have physiological reactions, expressive behaviors, behavioral intentions, and cognitive changes
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emotion antecedents
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the events or situations that trigger an emotion
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emotion response system coherence
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the idea that various response components of an emotion--facial expression, voice, physiological reactions, movements--are related to each other in a coordinated fashion
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emotional complexity
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the idea that positive and negative emotions an co-occur and be experience simultaneously
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hypercognition
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relatively greater amounts of knowledge and understanding about something that goes beyond the usual
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hypocognition
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relatively fewer amounts of knowledge and awareness of something compared to the usual
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ingroup advantage
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the ability of individuals from a certain culture to recognize emotions of others of the same culture relatively better than those from a different culture
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self-conscious emotions
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emotions that focus on the self: shame, pride, guild, or embarrassment. Important in studies of culture because the sense of self is something uniquely human
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socially engaging emotions
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emotions that occur as themes derived form social interdependence and relationships with others
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socially disengaging emotions
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emotions that occur as themes derived from interdependence and autonomy of self, and its separateness of others.
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subjective experience of emotions
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an individuals inner feelings of experiences of an emotion
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universality studies
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a series of studies conducted by Ekman and Friesen that demonstrated the pan-universality of facial expressions of emotions
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