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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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P2P
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Peer to Peer
Some “client” communicates with other “client” directly, known as “peer to peer”. Both are equal partners! |
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Cloud Computing
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having secure access to all data from any network device.
Google Drive, Dropbox, iCloud |
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Client vs. Server
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Client = Uses services
Server = provides service |
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Botnet
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is a network of infected computers; they can be controlled remotely to create real damages
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ARPANET
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n 1971, the U.S. Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) funded the development of a data network called ARPANET
15 nodes |
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WYSIWYG
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What you see is what you get
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JPG
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image format
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PNG
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image format
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RAW
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image format (uncompressed)
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MPEG4
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video format
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WAV
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audio format
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AAC
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audio format
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GUI
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Graphical User Interface
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PSTN
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Public switched telephone network (creation of globally unique numbers) Area and country codes.
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TCP/IP history
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ARPANET developed the TCP/IP protocol unifying all data networks.
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CERN
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creation of www,
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encarta/hypertext
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Microsoft Encarta is an example of using hypertext or hypermedia to link documents, images, videos and maps.
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Tim Berners-Lee
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Inventor of HTML
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Url
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Hostname , followed by resource path
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DNS
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Domain Name System is a world-wide “phonebook” for the Internet
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number in an IP address range from 0 to
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255
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Country Code =
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TLD
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Area Code =
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Domains
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Phone # =
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Hostnames
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Internet =
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= Network of Computers + TCP/IP + DNS
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www =
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= Internet + HTML + HTTP
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is the act of attempting to steal personal information from unsuspecting victims.
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Phising
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is a program that is trying to damage your computer or steal personal information
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Malware
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One of the most financially destructive computer viruses
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Trojan virus Gozi
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is a worm that carries a “mission”, e.g., stealing personal information, or taking control of its host
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Virus
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DDOS
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A botnet can blackmail websites for
money. If not paid, they send millions of “zombie” computers to attack! |
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Where is a Cookie Stored?
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A cookie is small piece of information that a web server stored inside your browser
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JavaScript
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Netscape introduced a programming language, called JavaScript, to create dynamic contents in addition to HTML.
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outline fonts
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scalable; they are display resolution independent.
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Postscript, a technology used by laser printers and GUI for printing or displaying outline fonts. was invented by..
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Adobe
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A byte
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consist of 8 binary digits or BITS
2 to the 8th = 256 numbers |
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Storage CD
infor |
700MB
Sony and Philips in the 70s. 70 minutes of digital audio for 2 (left and right) channel 16-bit, 44,100 Hz digital audio |
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Storage DVD
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5-10GB
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USB storage
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4-64GB
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Blue ray storage
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25-50GB
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ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
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uses 7-bits to encode all standard keyboard characters. = Plain Text
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UTF-8 (also known as Unicode
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extension of ASCII for international keyboards
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the smallest unit of information about a picture
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Pixel
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color-depth.
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number of Bits-per-pixel
affects the overall texture/details of an image. |
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The resolution of an image
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total number of pixels represented.
horizontal (width) x vertical (height) number of pixels. |
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Pixel density
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(pixel-per-inch or ppi) defines the physical size of each pixel.
A TV has 100 ppi; but a display has 200 ppi; an iPhone 5 has 326 ppi The higher the ppi of a display, the sharper the image/text |
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Meta-data
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Information about the image itself
Including GEOTAGGING |
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The larger the change in air pressure, the louder the sound.
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AMPLITUDE
encoded as a binary number. |
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The faster the change in air pressure, the higher pitch the sound.
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FREQUENCY
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films are recorded at
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Our eyes cannot perceive changes faster than 24 times a second. Typically films are recorded at least 24 frames per second.
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A common format for lossless data compression
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**ZIP**
Apple Lossless is a lossless compressed audio format PNG, TIFF are a lossless compressed image format |
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Common lossy compression formats
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MP3, OGG, AAC, M4A
JPEG MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4, MP4, AVCHD |
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Using lossless compression, we can reduce
data size by |
50%
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Lossy Compression can reduce size by
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90%
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Uncompressed Audio
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WAV, AIFF
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Uncompressed Video
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There is no common uncompressed video standard for consumers
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MacDraw vs MacPaint
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MacPaint - bitmap drawing
MacDraw - Vector graphic design |
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Properties of Vector Graphics
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Scalable
Zoomable |
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A PROGRAM
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a sequence of instructions that a computer must follow to accomplish a task
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Basic instructions (program
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Actions
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One instruction follows another
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Sequence
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When a situation happens
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Condition
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Scratch
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Developed by MIT
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8 types of blocks in Scratch
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Control, Motion, Looks, Sound, Pen, Sensing, Operators, and Variables.
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A sprite
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has its own set of scripts (actions) and
costumes (look) |
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Variable (Scratch)
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A variable is used to store a value
Count things When a sprite stores a value inside a variable, another sprite or the stage can recall the value |
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Typical Software Function
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Read some input data, do some processing on
that data, then write some output data. |
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the first widely used browser
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NetScape
Webcrawler, Lycos, Excite, and Infoseek are some of the early search engines on the WWW |
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a piece of software that manages the resources on every computer
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OS
User Interfaces and File Systems are two of the most visible components of an OS |
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gives us a structured and hierarchical view of our data files
organizer of our secondary storage |
File System
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automates specific Hardware function
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OS
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An OS is responsible for..
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-presenting an easy-to-use user interface
(“look & feel”) • keeping track of all user data • managing all hardware, e.g., sound, printers, networks, hard disks, display, mouse, keyboard, etc. • executing applications • starting up or shutting down a computer |
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Default File Systems
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NTFS (New Technology File System) or FAT
HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus), or Mac OS Extended. |
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Formatting
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Formatting a hard drive means setting up a new File System by erasing all its data
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an essential service for computers and mobile devices
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Networking
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is an equipment that converts 1s and 0s to audible sound, and vice versa
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A dialup modem
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a fax machine works by
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sends/receives a scanned document (in 1s and 0s) over the telephone using an internal dialup modem
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faster speed = ADSL modema
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Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
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Alto is a... developed by...
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personal office system ; Xerox
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connects several local computers to share printers and files.
to work within an office or a building, typically under 100 meters |
LAN
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connect offices across blocks, streets, or towns
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Router
“switch board” for computer communication Wide Area Network (WAN) connection to outside computers or networks |
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A router has
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multiple Lan ports for local computers
1 WAN port (connect to ADSL modem) to connect to internet (outside networks) |
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WAN connection is assigned an external IP address by
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Internet Service Provider (ISP).
All connected devices will share this same external IP address when accessing the Internet. |
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will provide a dynamic IP address for each connected computer.
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Router
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SSID
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Service Set Identification (SSID) (e.g., UVic, UVicOpen
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Any computer within the range of a wireless router can sniff all IP packets transmitted over the air.
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Packet Sniffing
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WEP, WPA, WPA2
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Wifi router security options
data is encrypted between computers and router |
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support voice and SMS (Short Message Services up 160 chars) over GSM networks.
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2G
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support voice and high speed data access over GSM and CDMA networks
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3G
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proprietary networks supported by different mobile phone operators
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Mobile Data Networks
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There is no such thing as mobile IP addresses!!! (Your IP address changes whenever you move.)
It is the ability for a mobile device to move within a mobile telephone network without losing its connection or identity |
Roaming
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The 4th generation mobile data network
standards include LTE and WiMax |
4G
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The brain of a computer
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CPU
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populated with CPU, memory and I/O devices
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Motherboard
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A program must be loaded HERE before it is Executed
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RAM
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fetches, decodes and executes instructions one after another
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CPU
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Main Components of a Computer
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System Bus, CPU, Ram, i/o devices.
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created the first microprocessor 4004
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Intel
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a sequence of CPU instructions
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A Program
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regulates all activities going on inside; it is measured in Hz, times per second.
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CPU clock
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Joseph M. Jacquard
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Loom - computer programming
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A CPU reads one instruction at a time
from the memory, typically RAM |
Fetch
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For each instruction read, it
determines what the instruction is about. |
Decode
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It does what the instruction says
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Execute
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computer speed is determined by
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amount of RAM
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a special kind of non-volatile secondary memory, which has no moving part
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Flash Memory
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ENAIC
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Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
first computer |
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Charles Babbage
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Analytical Engine, arguably the world’s first programmable computer—an extraordinary device with separate memory and processing units and punched-card input. He abandoned that in 1848 for a much-improved Difference Engine No. 2.
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John von Neumann
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?
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Moores Law
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number of transistors will double every 2 years for same cost
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common external video port (and port for high resolution)
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VGA ; DVI (High Resolution)
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Video (today) most computers and TV use
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HDMI (High Definition Media Interface).
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ports can be
used for both input or output devices. |
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
fastest - Blue (USB 3) Most popular (USB 2) |
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Cpu fetches instructions from
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RAM
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# shades per color in 24-bpp
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256
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It is the smallest unit of information about a picture
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pixel
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1GB = Bytes
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1 billion
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1 nibble =
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4 bits
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Important Port Number
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80 for HTTP
110 Email POP3 20 File Transfer |
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in an IP address
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32
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Personal Computers
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Apple-1
IBM -PC |
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distributing documents (early App)
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Gopher
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two common models of communication
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Peer to Peer
Client/Server |
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ccTLD
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country code tld
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