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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is bilateral deficit? |
The idea that force produced when both limbs are contracting together is less than the sum of the forces they produce when contracting unilaterally. Specifically in untrained athletes, or athletes who don’t do single-side work, their overall force is less than if they were to work single-side. This deficit is reduced the more bilateral training you do. |
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Skeletal muscle adapts to anaerobic training primarily by: |
Increasing its size. |
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The process of hypertrophy involves both: |
An increase in the synthesis of contractile proteins actin and myosin within the myofibril and, An increase in the number of myofibrils within a muscle fiber, which are added to the external layers, resulting in increase in diameter. |
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What is bilateral deficit? |
The idea that force produced when both limbs are contracting together is less than the sum of the forces they produce when contracting unilaterally. Specifically in untrained athletes, or athletes who don’t do single-side work, their overall force is less than if they were to work single-side. This deficit is reduced the more bilateral training you do. |
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How long does it take for muscle hypertrophy to become evident during resistance training? |
A few weeks (>16 workouts) Changes in the types of muscle proteins start within several workouts. Hypertrophy ultimately depends on training stimulus, program prescribed, and intensity. |
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Which muscle fiber seems to have the greatest increase in size due to resistance training? |
Type II- In fact, the ultimate potential for hypertrophy may reside in an athlete who genetically possesses more Type II. the fast-twitch fibers thus allow them to have a greater potential for increasing muscle mass. |
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Which muscle fiber type can change to become more oxidative? |
Type IIx, act as “reservoir fibers” , when activated enough become more like Type IIa, more oxidative and more fatigue resistant. |
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Sprint training has been shown to enhance: |
Calcium release, which assists in increasing speed and power production. |
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The density of mitochondria ______ (blank) with muscle hypertrophy. |
Decreases. |
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What is the “buffering” capacity in relation to muscle adaptation in resistance training? |
Increases in the acid-base balance (pH) of a muscle affect its ability to work. Increasing buffering capacity allows the athlete to tolerate higher concentrations of lactic acid. |
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What is the “buffering” capacity in relation to muscle adaptation in resistance training? |
Increases in the acid-base balance (pH) of a muscle affect its ability to work. Increasing buffering capacity allows the athlete to tolerate higher concentrations of lactic acid. |
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What type of training significantly increases buffering capacity? |
Interval training. Program needs to be performed at a high enough intensity ABOVE lactate threshold. Essential to anaerobic training. |
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What are the two types of bone? |
Trabecular (spongy) Spaces between trabecular plates hold bone marrow. Cortical (compact) Dense and forms compact outer shell. |
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What is the minimal essential strain (MES) in relation to bone? |
The threshold stimulus that initiates new bone formation. Activity must cause mechanical strain: be an increase over normal forces, or be weight-bearing, to signal osteoblasts to form new bone. |
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What is the primary component for all connective tissue? |
Collagen fiber Type 1- bone, tendon, ligament Type 2- cartilage |
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What is unique about cartilage? |
The shock absorber lacks its own blood supply. Must depend on diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from synovial fluid. Thus it does not repair quickly. Hyaline cartilage- articular surfaces of bone. Fibrous- found in intervertebral disks of bone and bone-tendon junction. |
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Resistance training can promote greater ________ (blank) in all ages, but specifically benefit production in elderly persons. |
Growth hormone production |
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An INITIAL decrease in muscular strength caused by detraining is due to changes in which system? |
Nervous system. |
