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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The brain and the spinal cord are lined by |
Meninges |
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Meninges has 3 layers |
Dura matter Arachnoid Pia matter |
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outer layer Lines the skull and the vertebral canal "hard mother" |
Dura matter |
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Filled with amentous (spider like) inner membrane |
Arachnoid |
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A thin membrane lining the surface of the brain and spinal cord |
Pia matter |
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CSF is produced in the |
Choroid plexus |
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CSF flows through the ____ which located between arachnoid and pia matter |
Subarachnoid space |
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To maintain the volume circulating csf is reabsorbed back into the blood capillaries in the |
Arachnoid granulations/ villae |
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The tight fitting structure of the endothelial cells in the choroid plexus is term |
Blood brain barrier |
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CSF is routinely collected by |
Lumbar puncture 3, 4 and 5th lumbar vertebrae |
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Things need to be considered before collecting an adequate amount of csf |
Intracranial pressure and opening pressure |
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Order of tubes for CSF collection |
1- chemistry and serology FROZEN 2- microbiology ROOM TEMP 3- hematology REFRIGERATED 4- other tests (microbiology and serology) |
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Intracranial pressure is measured by |
Manometer |
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Normal values of intracranial pressure |
Adults - 90-180 mmHg Children - 10-100 mmHg |
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Turbid or milky CSF indicates |
Increase protein or lipid concentration and infection ( WBC) |
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If one tube is available (order of usage) |
1 microbiology 2 hematology 3 chem and serology |
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Traumatic tap |
Clots |
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Increase lipid |
Milky |
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Contaminated with x ray media |
Oily |
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Causes of xanthochromia |
Hemoglobin Bilirubin Carotene Protien Melanin |
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Introduction of plasma to fibrinogen in the CSF specimen |
Clot formation |
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Clear traumatic tap |
Clear supernatant |
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CSF WBC count is diluted with |
3% glacial acetic acid |
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The most frequently performed chemical test on CSF |
Protein or determination |
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Protein unique only on the CSF |
tau protein |
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Not found in normal CSF |
IgA IgM IgG fibrinogen Beta lipoproteins |
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Techniques used for measuring total CSF protein |
Principles of turbidity production or dye binding technique |
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Proteins that appear in the csf results to |
Damage of the integrity of the blood brain barrier |
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Primary purpose of performing CSF protein electrophoresis |
To detect oligoclonal bands (gamma region of protein electrophoresis) |
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2 or more oligoclonal bands and increase IgG index |
MS |
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Presence of myelin basic protien |
Indicated recent destruction of myelin sheath |
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Low csf glucose |
Meningitis |
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Markedly decrease csf glucose, increase wbc (lymphocytes) |
Tubular meningitis |
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Markedly decrease csf glucose increase wbc (neutrophils) |
Bacterial meningitis |
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Normal csf glucose increases wbc (lymphocytes) |
Viral meningitis |
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Normal csf lactate |
25 mg/dL |
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Csf lactate greater than 35mg/dl |
Bacterial meningitis |
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Csf lactate level lower than 25mg/dl |
Viral meningitis |
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Medium used from csf with patients with bacterial meningitis |
Diphasic medium |
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Agar in diphasic medium |
Charcoal starch agar SLANT soybean-casein digest gelatin broth Support grows of N. Meningitidis, S. Pneumonia, H. Influenzae |
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Grams stain and india ink stain used to detect what organism that causes fungla meningitis |
Cryptococcus neoformans |
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Most preferable test for detecting the presence of cryptococcus neoformans |
Latex agglutination test |
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Serological test used to detect neurosyphilis |
Venerl disease reseach laboratories (VRDL) Florescent treponemal antibody- absorption (FTA-ABS) |
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Detects gram negative bacteria endotoxin |
Limulus amebocyte lysate |
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Indicative of tubercular meningitis |
Pellicle formation |
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What bacteria shows starburst pattern in gram stain; halo india ink preparation |
Cryptococcus neoformans |
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Non troponemal assay for Streptococcus agalactiae |
VDRL |
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Latex agglutination test and lateral flow assay is for the detection of what microgranism? |
Cryptococcus neoformans |