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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thomas Malthus
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Created the Malthusian Theory (human population will exceed food production rate (linear rate))
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Factory System
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Item production (eg: textiles/clothing) is in 1 roof instead of homes.
*starting to use heavy machinery *water powered machinery |
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James Watt
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Invented the first reliable steam engine
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George Stephenson
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Invented railway tack to transport coal to factories.
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Cult of feminine domesticity
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Woman's place was in the home, not in factory.
*inspired by generalization of the workforce (specific jobs for gender) |
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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Mother of Feminist movement in England
* "A Vindication of the Rights of Women" - constitution that states that women should get equal education as men |
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Popular Sovereignty
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Government belongs to people in which they govern. Not governed by another country.
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Nationalism
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Nation has a common ideal. Making their own state based off of common government,ideals, language, etc.
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Louis XVI
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King during French Revolution
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Estates General
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group that shared power with the king, consists of the following:
1.Church 2.Nobles 3.middle-class started National convention during the French Revolution |
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anicen regime
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government during King Louis XVI's rule. (before the French Revolution)
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National Assembly
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Made up of middle-class citizens, bring about structural reform such as: abolishing serfdom, freedom of religion, church and state separation, freedom of speech
**limiting king's powers |
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John Stuart Mill
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Supporting popular sovereignty (Classical Liberalism )
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Edmund Burke
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supports classical conservatism (anti- popular sovereignty)
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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*Emperor of France
*made Peace Treaties with neighboring countries, but didn't stop wars *invades Spain, Portugal, Prussa |
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Battle of Waterloo
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Napoleon defeated, ending Napoleon Wars/ 2nd 100 years War
*Napoleon exiled in St. Hellena |
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July Revolution of 1830 (French Revolution)
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*Charles X overthrown
*Louis Philipe of Orleanist Dynasty became king *during colonization of Africa and South East Asiax |
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Emperor Napoleon III
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*Ruled France during the Second Republic
*shared power with the National Assembly, France prospered *wanted to declare war against Germans, Prussians, Mexicans (colonizing in Mexico) |
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Franco-Prussian War of 1870
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War that made Napoleon III sign a Peace Treaty, and giving up the land to Prussia
*Exiled in England |
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Commune
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Group in France that was based off of the ideas of Karl Marx
* wanted democracy |
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Congress of Vienna 1814-1815
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Congress consisting: Russia, Britain, Prussia, France, Austria
*held a conference after Napoleon Wars |
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Giuseppe Mazzini
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started Young Italy Movement, wanting Italy to 1 country
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Camillo di Cavour
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Prime Minster who unified North Italy
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
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Unified South Italy, in charge of the Red Shirts Army (aided Napolean III)
*unified Italy, making it an independent nation |
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Otto Von Bismarck
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*unified Germany through war
*defeated Napoleon III army |
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Carl Marx
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Russian author of "Communist Mannifesto" (3 stages of humanity: Feudalism,Capitalism, Socialism)
*Wants socialism: people govern themselves without privacy, everyone shares everything |
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Simon Bolivar
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leader of the independence against Spanish.
*created New Greanda consisting counties: Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador |
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Miguel Hidalgo
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priest and leader of the Mexican war of independence, got shot
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Agustine d’Iturbide
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Mexican army general who ended the Mexican war of Independence in Mexico City
* 1st emperor of Mexico, got shot |
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Central American Federation
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Broke into countries:
*Nicaragura *El Salvador *Costa Rica *Honduras *Guatamala |
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General Santa Anna
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Military Dictator of Mexico
*lost to Texas during Texan Independence, got executed |
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Mexican-American War
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*started by US army entering Mexican territory
* wanting to extend the boarder to the Rio Grande River |
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Treaty of Guadulupe- Hidaldo
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Mexico has off limits to South West America
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Gila River
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Boarder of Mexico until US bought the land South of the River
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La Reforma
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*Leaded by Benito Juarez
*civil war for good quality land for the poor *changed the Mexican constitution |
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Maximilian I
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*Sent to Mexico by Napoleon III to be Emperor of Mexico
*got shot, wanted French to leave |
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Porfirio Diaz
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Dictator of Mexico 1876-1911
*supported rich (Hacendados) *made citizens revolt during 1910, wanting him to step down of presidency |
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Fransisco Madero
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Leader of the Mexican Revolution 1910
*wanted democracy *became president, but got shot later |
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Victorianio Huerta
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*overthrew Fransisco Madero
*general got exiled to U.S. *only Mexican general who didn't get shot (died from natural causes) *pro Mexican Revolution |
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Vonustiaro Carrazona
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ruled central Mexico, got shot before his long term presidency, constitutionalists
*pro Mexican Revolution |
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Alvaro Obregan
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constitutionalist, supporter president for Vonustiaro Carrazona
*got shot 5x *pro Mexican Revolution |
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Emilano Zapata
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controlled South Mexico, got shot
* conventionalist *pro Mexican Revolution |
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Fransisco Pacho Villa
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*conventionalist
*controlled north, got shot by Avaro Obregan *pro Mexican Revolution |
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PRI
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*corrupt party, presidents elected from this party
* other candidates were killed |
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British North America Act of 1867
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Colonies north of US colonies governed themselves= turned into Dominion of Canada (govern themselves under the British monarch [King/Queen of Britain= King Queen of Canada])
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Aborigines
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Australian, pagan natives.
*disturbed when Britain used the land for executing convicts and British citizens |
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Commonwealth of Australia
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Unified independent nation
*King/Queen of Britain as head of state |
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Maori
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Tough native people of New Zealand
*started wars against British settlers |
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Commonwealth of New Zealand
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Unified independent nation
*King/Queen of Britain as head of state |
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Raj
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Indian government during British authority
** British tried to eliminate some Indian practices 1. female infanticide: killing female babies 2. sati- if husband died first, wife must join him by being cremated with him 3.Thugee- ritualized gang activities |
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Sepoy Muting of 1854
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Indian soldiers under British rule killed their generals because of the rumor of using animal fat for their rifles
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Viceroy
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British rule of South Asia after Sepoy Muting
*remained in power 'cause of the National Indian Congress didn't have enough money to govern themselves |
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Cape Colony
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Dutch colony of South Africa as a pit stop for Dutch ships
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Afrikaners
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descendents of Dutch colony
*had different dialect *became Afrikans |
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Boers
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Afrikans (Dutch) nickname, called by British(took over Cape Colony after the Vienna Conference)
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Great Trek
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Afrikans(Boers) traveled north due to British abolishing slavery
*found gold |
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Union of South Africa 1910
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Boer colonies and Cape Colony unified
*but Whites minority population get to vote |
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Liberia
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African independent nation from Europe
*owned by Americans *sent ex-slaves to live there |
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Ethiopia
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*free from European countries
*ruled by Christians |
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Suez Canal
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canal in Egypt by the French
*Egypt sold share to the British *British and French controlled the canal *Britain took over Egyptian governemnt |
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Lin Zexu
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Chinese Scholar during the Qing Dynasty
*tried to solve the Opium problem by forcing citizen to go to rehab and executing dealers *started Opium War |
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Opium War 1839-1842
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*British navy overwhelming China until the *Unequal treaty signed
*treaty forced China to: 1.open cities to British trade 2. British controlling Hong Kong *made China open to be controlled by other countries |
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Empress Dowager
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true ruler of China
*ruled the government for her own benefit |
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Arrow War
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*2nd opium war
*Arrow (British registered ship) held opium *French tried to get involved in the war |
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Hong Xiu Quan
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started the Tai Pin Rebellion to change China's religion to Christianity
* wanted to eliminate Confucianism testing for gov. jobs |
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Zionism
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Jewish nationalism
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Metis
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Native Americans natives of Canada
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Caudillos
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military dictators of Latin America
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Boxer Rebellion
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anti-foreigner rebellion in China
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Tsar Alexander II
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emperor of Russia
*ended serfdom |
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Emperor Puyi
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Last emperor of China
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Cecil Rhodes
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British taking over South Africa for diamonds
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Sino-Japanese War
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Chinese vs Japanese
Japan won |
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Russo-Japanese War
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Russia vs Japanese
Japan won **Revolution of 1905- Japan defeated Russia |
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Great Game
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Imperialism game. European colonies try to be the best/biggest empire
(Scramble for Africa) |
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Ram Moham Roy
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started Indian nationalism
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**Mexican Revolution 1910 **
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*against President Porfirio Diaz ( stayed as a dictator for 30 years)
*middle class and lower class tried to overthrow Porfirio Diaz *Diaz supported the rich by giving them land *power was for the government officials (poor people were had to mention their opinions to officers) *Francisco Madero wanted Diaz to step down and not be re-elected * wanted Mexico to be a democracy/ president have limits *Zapata stole land from the rich: gave to the poor *Fransisco Villa killed US citizen for support *leaders were captured and killed (ending the revolution) *citizens still remained poor and uneducated |
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**Crimean War (Eastern War according to Russians/ Russian War) **
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• Russians vs French, British, Ottoman Turks
• Religious war for the privileges of the Russian Orthodox and the Roman Catholic churches in the middle East • War for land that was part of the Ottoman Empire, (during the decline of the Ottoman Empire) • War was in the Crimean Peninsula • War during the industrial revolution. Better technologies : telegraph and railway |
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**Mejii Restoration**
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• Restoring Japan’s social structure
• Ending Shogun after a civil war. And the emperor declaring to restore his power • Open trade to the world • Commander Matthew Perry made a trade treaty with the Japanese, making them realize that they were behind • Started/ increased industrialization • Raise of the Japanese military (replacing samurai) • Advanced military that they declared and won wars suck as the Sino-Japanese war and the Russo-Japanese war |
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**Scramble to Africa**
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*countries colonized Africa during great game
* wanted resources *wanted to expand empires *King Leopold III of Belgium established Congo Free State on central Africa (open trade to any European country), high taxes and abuse, changed into Belgian Congo *British took over Suez Canal, controlled Egyptian government *French built Suez Canal on Egypt *Cape Town= Dutch *British took over Cape Town and tried to take over Boer colonies for Diamonds |
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**Tai Pin Rebellilon**
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*started by scholar Hong Xiuquan
* studied Christianity, believed that he's Jesus *thought that he was supposed to be emperor of China *wanted communism, equalities (gender, poor, pro-monogamy) *restricts opium and gambling *civil war during Opium War (20 million killed) *Qing Dynasty restored after Hong Xiuquan committed suicide in his palace (corrupt movement) |
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November Revolution
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Lenin and the Bolshevik power took of Russia's government turning into communist.
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Lenin
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First communist leader of the Soviet Union.
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Georges Clemenceau
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Prime minster of France during WWI. Participated in the Paris Peace Conference and signing the Treaty of Versailles
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LLoyd George
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Prime minster of Britain during WWI. Participated in the Paris Peach Conference and signing the Treaty of Versailles
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14 points
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President Wilson suggestions to change the world. Creating the League of Nations
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League of Nations
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Countries can negotiate without war. Tried to prevent another world war. ( forerunner of the United Nations)
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Russian Civil War
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Anti-communist war in Russia
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New Economic Policy
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Russia getting a capitalist free market, farmers can sell their crops but have to work in a factory. But, lead to a big famine.
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Joseph Stalin
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tried to modernize Russia by creating the 5 year plan.
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Agricultural Collectivization
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Introduced by Stalin.Government had large farms and made poor farmers serfs.
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Great Purge
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Stalin eliminating anti-communist.
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
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Founder of Pakistan. wanted to Hindu and Muslims to get along.
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Jewaharlal Nehru
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First leader of independent India. Leader of India's independent movement.
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Balfour Declaration of 1917
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British protected the Jews to migrate to Palestine and also protect Arabs' political and economic rights.
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Israel
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Created after the British left and during the war between Palestinian Arabs and Jews.
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Abdel Nasser
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Egyptian military leader who got rid of the Egyptian monarchy, and became prime minster of Egypt.
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Suez Crisis
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Egyptians under Nasser's rule took over the Suez Canal.
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Kwame Nkrumah
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Leader of the country Ghana, Africa after the British left.
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Nelson Mandela
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Leader of the African National Congress, wanted to get rid of the Apartheid
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