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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reduction |
The attempt to explain complex phenomena in terms of simpler components |
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Neurons |
Nerve cells |
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Neurons Basic Structures |
Cell body, dendrites, axon, and terminal buttons |
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Cell Body |
Contains the nucleus |
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Dendrites |
Widely branch structured receive neurons |
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Axon |
Thin fiber with branches near its tip |
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Terminal button |
Sending signal on other neurons |
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Action Potential |
Excitation travels along an axon at a constant strength |
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Resting Potential |
An electrical polarization across the membrane of an axon |
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Synapse |
Neuron releases a chemical the excited or inhabit the next neuron |
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Neurotransmitter |
Chemical that activates receptors on other neurons |
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Reuptake |
The absorption by a Presynaptic nerve ending of a neurotransmitter |
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Psychoactive Drug |
Alter experience by altering activity at synapses |
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Agonist |
A drug that increases activity at a synapse |
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Antagonist |
Drug that decreases activity at a synapse |
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Stimulant |
Drugs that increases energy |
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Depressants |
Drug that decrease arousal |
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Narcotics |
Drug that produce drowsiness, no pain, decrease response |
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Hallucinogens |
Drug that induce sensory distortions |
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Central Nervous System |
Consist of Brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
Consisting nerve connecting the spinal cord with body |
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Cerebral Cortex |
The outer covering of the forebrain. Divides into lopes that provides different functions |
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Occipital Lobe |
Rear of the head. Provides vision |
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Temporal Lobe |
Locate toward left/right side of head. Purpose hearing and slight vision |
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Parietal Lobe |
Forward from occipital lope. Specialize for body senses |
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Frontal Lobe |
Forward pole of the brain. Control fine movement |
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Primary Visual |
Vision |
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Somatosensory |
Strip in anterior portion of parietal lope. Touch in different body areas |
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Auditory Cortex |
Hearing |
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Prefrontal Cortex |
Anterior section of frontal lope. Important for memory. |
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Primary Motor Cortex |
Controlling fine movement |
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Amygdala |
Structure in the lope responds to emotional situation |
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Corpus Callosum |
Set of axons that connect left and right hemispheres if cerebral cortex |
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EEG |
Electroencephalograph. Use electrodes to record brain electrical activities |
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PET |
Positron emission tomography. Records radioactivity of brain areas |
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fMRI |
Functional magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic detector to compare hemoglobin |
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Thalamus |
Last stop for almost all sensory information |
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Hypothalamus |
Important for hunger, thirst, temperature, sex, and motivate behavior |
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Spinal Cord |
Signal from brain to body |
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Reflex |
Rapid automatic response to a stimulus |
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Autonomic Nervous System |
Spinal cord, heart, digestive system, and other organs |
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Sympathetic |
Increase heart rate, breath rate, sweating and other rates |
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Parasympathetic |
Decrease heart rate,increase digestive activities, promotes body activities |
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Endocrine System |
Glands that produce hormones and release them into blood |
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Hormones |
Chemical released by glands and conveyed by the blood to alter activities in some organs |
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Epigenetic |
Deals with changes in gene expression as a result of environment influences without modification of the DNA sequence |
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Heritability |
An estimate of the variance with in a population that is due to heredity |
