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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do you calculate the range? (Why would you sometimes NOT use the range, and what method would you use instead?) |
The range is super easy, you just take the difference between the highest and lowest value. You wouldn't use the range because of outliers that tend to frick up your data. If you had such outliers, you would use InterQuartile Range instead! |
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How do you calculate the median? What is the median? |
You calculate the median by adding the AMOUNT of data points you have and adding 1, then you divide by 2! The median is the data point RIGHT in the middle (50th percentile) |
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How do you calculate the IQR? Interquartile range? |
You idiot it's just the range calculation but using Q1 and Q3 as the ceiling and floor. |
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What's a percentile? What would be the 50th percentile? |
A percentile is a number that is higher than that many of the data... Eg. The 50th percentile is a point of data that is HIGHER than 50% of the data. (the median)
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A heuristic is.. |
A simplifying mental shortcut you use based on intuition |
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Introspection is... |
A way of studying things that are not observable, by pulling intuition and feelings and views from within yourself. For this reason, introspective research typically will shift based on the personal views of the researcher. |
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Auguste Comte led the _____________ movement. What did that movement do? |
Positivist movement. This movement kinda said "hey, if you wanna be considered science, you have to use replicable experiments with set protocol and not use theories of metaphysics and such"
(See also: Empirical Method) |
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Naive Empiricism or Strict Positivism |
The very first positivists who said "if I can't feel it, it's wrong." Well, you can't really sense gravity, per say, but we don't abolish that. |
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Logical Positivism or Sophisticated Empiricism |
Same type of idea except a little cleaner. Ideas like gravity, ions, and things you can't physically sense, are still backed up by science. |
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Operationalism/Giving an Operational Definition |
The idea that if something is not physically observable, but is backed by science, we would back off and accept it as fact, because OPERATIONALLY, it's being observed through a factor. Eg. You can't SEE hunger, but you can see the ravenous eating, as an OPERATION of hunger. |
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It's important to let people who are reading your research article know how your operational construct was measured because... |
You may have measured it differently from another researcher, which would explain the "inconsistency" between your results. |
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Pseudoscience places an emphasis on confirmation rather than refutation. Give an everyday example of an instance of this.
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Horoscopes. They say a million things and one comes true, and suddenly you believe it all. |
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Falsifiable information is... |
Information that can be proven wrong if need be, and able to change and adapt with new information. Pseudoscience is not an instance of falsifiable information. |
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Scientific theories will abide by: 1) Occam's Razor 2) Morgan's Canon Define both of these terms. |
Occam's Razor: If two theories do an equally good job of defining a phenomenon, the one theory that is simpler, or makes the least amount of assumptions is more relevant. Morgan's Canon: We should never make more assumptions than absolutely necessary to explain behaviour. |
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Hypothetic-Deductive method is... |
Taking an existing theory by generating hypotheses testable to it and testing them! The result of the hypotheses will inform the validity of the theory. |
