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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The overall responsibility of the ____________________is to facilitate the development and use of the database. |
Database Administrator |
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A(n) ____________________ is a series of actionsto be taken on the database such that either all of them are performedsuccessfully or none of them is performed at all. |
Atomic transaction |
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A transaction is sometimes called ____________________,since it is performed as a unit. |
Atomic |
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Locks placed automatically by the DBMS are called ____________________ locks. |
Implicit |
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Locks placed by a command issued to the DBMS from the application program are called ____________________ locks. |
Explicit |
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The size of a lock is referred to as the lock ____________________. |
Granularity |
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A(n) ____________________ lock locks the item from access of any type. |
Exclusive |
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A(n) ____________________ lock locks the item from change but not from read access. |
Shared |
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Two-phased locking is a scheme for achieving ____________________ of transactions. |
Serializability |
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In two-phase locking, all locks are obtained during the ____________________ phase. |
Growing |
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In two-phase locking, all locks are released during the ____________________ phase. |
Shrinking |
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Requiring all application programs to lock resources in the same order is one way of preventing a ____________________ condition. |
Deadlock |
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With ____________________ locking, the assumption is made that no conflict will occur. |
Optimistic |
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With ____________________ locking, the assumption is made that a conflict will occur. |
Pessimistic |
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The transaction ____________________ are the essential information that the DBMS needs from the application programs to enforce different locking strategies. |
Boundaries |
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A(n) ____________________ transaction is one for which all committed changes are permanent. |
Durable |
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Transaction level ____________________ means that all rows impacted by any actions in a transaction are protected from change during the entire transaction. |
Consistency
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A(n) ____________________ occurs when one transaction reads a changed record that has not been committed to the database. |
Dirty Read |
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____________________ occur when a transaction rereads data it has previously read and finds modifications or deletions caused by a committed transaction. |
A non-repeatable read |
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According to ANSI SQL, the ____________________ isolation level will not allow phantom reads, dirty reads, and nonrepeatable reads. |
Serializable |
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A(n) ____________________ cursor processes a snapshot of the relation that was taken when the cursor was opened. |
Static |
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A(n) ____________________ cursor saves primary key values when the cursor is opened and retrieves the values for each row as the application program accesses it. |
Key Set |
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____________________ is a method of database recovery that restores the database save and all valid transactions since the save was reapplied. |
Roll forward |
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To support rollforward and rollback recovery, transactions must be written to a(n) ____________________ before they are applied to the database. |
Log |
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Copies of each database record or page before it was changed by a transaction that are saved for use in database recovery are called ____________________. |
Before Images |
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Copies of each database record or page after it was changed by a transaction that are saved for use in database recovery are called ____________________. |
After Images |
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A(n) ____________________ is a point of synchronization between the database and the transaction log. |
Checkpoint |
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A(n) ____________________ data repository is one in which the metadata is automatically created as the system components are created. |
Active
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A(n) ____________________ data repository is one which requires a person to generate the metadata and place it in the repository. |
Passive |
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____________________ is a programming language provided with Oracle that adds programming constructs to the SQL language. |
PL / SQL |
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A(n) ____________________ is an object that generates a sequential series of unique numbers. |
Sequence |
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Sequences are most often used to provide values for ____________________ keys. |
Surrogate |
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The ____________________ method provides the next value in a sequence. |
NextVal |
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The ____________________ method provides the current value in a sequence. |
CurVal |
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Using sequences ________ valid surrogate key values. |
Does not guarantee |
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The PL/SQL keyword ________ is used to begin the basic PL/SQL block structure. |
DECLARE |
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The PL/SQL keyword ________ is used to define a group of PL/SQL statements. |
BEGIN |
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The PL/SQL keyword ________ is used to check for the existence of a condition. |
IF |
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The PL/SQL keywords FOR, WHILE, and LOOP are used to create blocks of code that ________ until an ending condition is reached. |
Repeat |
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The PL/SQL keyword ________ is used to complete the basic PL/SQL block structure. |
END |
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The PL/SQL keyword ________ is used to exit a block of code and terminate whatever code structure is running. |
RETURN |
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When creating an Oracle stored procedure using SQL*Plus, issuing the ____________________ keyword signifies that a parameter is an input parameter. |
IN |
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When creating an Oracle stored procedure using SQL*Plus, issuing the ____________________ keyword signifies that a parameter is an output parameter. |
OUT |
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When creating an Oracle stored procedure using SQL*Plus, issue the ____________________ command to see any reported compilation errors. |
SHOW ERRORS |
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In Oracle, triggers that are fired once for each row that is changed in a table are called ____________________. |
ROW TRIGGERS |
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____________________ triggers are placed on views. |
INSTEAD OF |
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____________________ and ____________________ triggers are placed on tables. |
BEFORE, AFTER |
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The prefix ____________________ is used with values of columns available to insert and update triggers. |
:new |
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The prefix ____________________ is used with values of columns available to update and delete triggers. |
:old |
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The ____________________ transaction isolation level is unique to Oracle. |
READ ONLY |
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In Oracle recovery facilities, ____________________ files are small files that describe the name, contents, and locations of various files used by Oracle. |
control |
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In Oracle recovery facilities, ____________________ files are maintained on disk and contain the rollback segments from recent database changes. |
online redo |
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In Oracle recovery facilities, ____________________ files are backup log files maintained separately and not necessarily on disk media. |
offline redo |
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The type of failure that occurs when Oracle itself fails due to an operating system or computer hardware failure is called a(n) ____________________ failure. |
instance |
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The type of failure that occurs when Oracle is unable to write to a physical file is called a(n) ____________________ failure. |
media |
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In Oracle backup and recovery facilities, a(n) ____________________ backup is one in which all uncommitted changes have been removed from the datafiles. |
consistent |