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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who influenced Friedmann?
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Hymer (1972) who coined the term ‘world city’,
Urban hierarchy and MNCs making high-end corporate decision-making (& controlling flow) |
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What are the prominent features of Friedmann's WC hypothesis?
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How cities are directly connected to the world economy
HQs of TNCs and MNCs Forms a hierarchy of world cities: core primary and secondary; Semi peripherary primary and semi-periphery sexondary |
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What does Friedmann say HQs do?
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Carry out functions (finance, control national economy)
Concentration and accumulation of capital through HQs Control reflected in structure and dynamics of production and employment |
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Who influenced Sassen?
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Cohen: agglomeration of APS firms
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What are the key features of Sassen's global cities?
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Agglomeration of APS and key international functions
Post Weberian manoeuvre (same cities, different emphasis) By definition there can only be a handful of GC |
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Why does Sassen say there is a need for centres to control?
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Dispersal and ICT
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What is the key difference between Sassen and Friedmann?
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Sassen: GC as command and control and focus on practices within
Friedmann: focus on power and control of institutions in the formation of world cities Sassen rejects functionalism of Friedmann |
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What is similar with Sassen and Friedmann?
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Both Neo-Marxists explanations
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What are Friedmann's global city indicators?
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Financial Centre
HQ of TNCs International institutions Rapid growth of business centres Important manufacturing centre Major transport node Population size |
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What does Friedmann's argument depend upon?
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The reliability of the international capital dominance by TNCs
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What role does capital take in the city?
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Deterministic role, focus on capital for the definition
Economistic (hoarding money, concentration wealth) Functionalist (serve and ease global capital) |
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What s Friedmann missing about control in the city?
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Mechanisms by which cities are controlled
Assertion with no evidence that WC are HQ for corporations and banks |
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Where does Friedmann say there are a disproportionate amount of HQs?
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London, New York, Tokyo, Paris
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What did Friedmann create?
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New geography fo centrality and marginality- cut across north and south and east and west divide
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What does Sassen (1991) say of the core?
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Increasingly core
Peripheral icnreasingly peripheral |
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How do APS firms skew the US/UK economy?
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Finance and servicing globalisation are geographically located around certain places
Neo Marxist like skew- show need for coordination and communication |
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What does Sassen say NY, London and Tokyo emphasise?
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Financial and commercial and service production and innovations
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What does the territorial dispersal of modern economic activities create?
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Need for control. coordination and command in cities
Explain why commercial and financial functions concentrated here |
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How did Sassen influence BST (1999; 2000)?
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Caused them to focus on 4 key types of firms
Cities evaluated as global service centres in these sectors Aggregation provides a measure of a city's global capacity |
