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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DIGESTIBLE POLYSACCHARIDES
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GLUCOSE UNITS
*THE STORAGE FORM OF GLUCOSE!! |
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Starch
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storage form of glucose in plants
-found in grains, legumes, and tubers |
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Glycogen
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*storage form of glucose in animals
-stored in the liver and muscle, used as energy |
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Fiber is the structural parts of _________/
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plants
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Fiber is non-__________-by human enzymes
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digestible
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Dietary Fiber is the term used to describe plant substances that cannot be __________ by human enzymes
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broken down
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Dietary Fiber digested to some degree by bacteria that reside in the large __________.
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large intestine
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Dietary Fibers' extent of digestion depends on the type of fiber and the __________ population in the GI Tract.
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microbial
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CLASSIFICATION OF FIBERS
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WATER SOLUBLE
WATER INSOLUBLE |
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Water- soluble fibers inclue pectin, gums, some ___________, mucilages
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hemicellulose
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Water-Soluble found in ______, oats, barley, and legumes.
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-FRUIT
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Water insoluble include _________, some hemicellulose, lignin.
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Cellulose
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Water insoluble found in ___________, wheat, rice bran, and other cereals.
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VEGETABLES
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Which are physical characteristics of Fibers?
a.Water holding capacity b. Viscosity-form gel like solutions c. Cation-exchange capacity-bind minerals d. Bile binding capacity-bind bile salts and other sterols e. Fermentable-promote bacterial action |
ALL OF THE ABOVE
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Recommendations of Fiber Intake are
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25g/day or 14g/1000 Kcal
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Lactose intolerance is the inability of body to hydrolyze lactose due to an inherited or ___________ deficiency in lactase.
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acquired(disease, medicines, aging)
lactose=glucose+ galactose |
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Lactose attracts ________ causing bloating.
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water
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Lactose- _________ uses the lactose producing gas and acid.
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Intestinal bacteria
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BLOOD GLUCOSE CONTROL
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pancreas-releases glucagon when glucose is low
Liver-removes glucose from bloodstream(response to insulin), releases glucose into the bloodstream(response to glucagon), Releases INSULIN WHEN GLUCOSE IS HIGH |
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Functions of Insulin
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-Promotes glycogen synthesis
-Increases glucose uptake by the cells -Reduces gluconeogenesis -Net effect-lowers the blood glucose |
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Functions of Glucagon
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-BREAKDOWn glycogen
-ENHANCES gluconeogenesis -net effect- RAISES blood glucose |
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Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
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-fight or flight response
-breakdown glycogen -RAISES blood glucose |
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DIABETES MELLITUS- TYPE 1
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REDUCTION in insulin production(total absense of insulin secretion)
-Insulin DEPENDANT -Hyperglycemia -Autoimmune disorder- (destruction of insulin producing cells |